Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Damen, M. C. J.

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856343064

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: XV, 547 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856343064

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 1 Visible and infrared data. Chairman: F. Quiel, Liaison: N J. Mulder

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Processing of raw digital NOAA-AVHRR data for sea- and land applications. G. J. Prangsma & J. N. Roozekrans

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

63 Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Processing of raw digital NOAA-AVHRR data for sea- and land applications G.J.Prangsma & J.N.Roozekrans Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI), De Bili, Netherlands 3tion Lon of веским снимкам» » 7, с. 29-31. эический метод ’рамметрические зети кадровых ;на примере ор анной камерой [и из космоса, ’рамметрические зования аэрокос- зго методов в ix. - Вестник 9 4, с. 73-78. шние ортофото- юкарт-Ортофот- СФ-б. - Геоде- 35-39. ir Verwendung Kartographie. з. Erde, №74, загпа kamera rzegl^d geode- ?uzkum Zeine а :ё konference rseni kvality .k 6. Janskd listopad 8-11, Verzerrungen in lufnahmen. - S, p. 200-203. ABSTRACT: A project has been started at the KNMI to develop algorithms for digital processing of data of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) in an automatic way. Digital processing gives the opportunity to obtain quantitative data of the Earth-surface. For the conversion of the raw AVHRR- data into true parameters of the Earth-surface many steps have to be taken. The processing scheme is presented and the results of verification studies are discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION The current generation of operational polar orbiting meteorological satellites is capable of producing a wealth of quantitative data on the state of the Earth surface and the overlying atmosphere. Recently many applications (see e.g. Kerr et al., 1983; Muasher and Ince, 1984; Kerr et al, 1984; Harries et al., 1983) have been shown feasible on a routine basis, but all operational use of satellite-based remotely sensed data relies heavily on a suite of (semi-) automatic processing steps to convert the raw data into usefull quantitative information. In this paper we will present the automatic processing scheme as currently implemented at KNMI. After a short description of the nature of the data used (section 2) in section 3 an exposition is given of the various processing steps. Preliminary results of this processing are presented in section 4. Conclusions reached so far are given in section 5. 2. NOAA - POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) carried on the TIROS-N/NOAA series of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites is a multichannel instrument with tv/o thermal IR- channels (3 + 4) centred at about 3-7 pm and 11 pm on the NOAA-6 and -8 satellites and in addition a thermal channel (5), centred at about 12 pm, on the NOAA-7 and -9. The AVHRR also contains a visible channel 1 (0.58 - 0.68 pm) and a near-infrared channel 2 (0.73 - 1.10 pm). The spatial resolution of the AVHRR is 1.1 km at nadir increasing to about 3 km at the maximum scan-angle of 55°. Radiometric resolution is 10 bits (1024 steps). Two overhead passes per satellite per day are received. Currently two satellites are in operational use: N0AA-6 (overhead passes at + 8.00 and + 20.00 hours, local time) and N0AA-9 ( + 3.00 and + 15.00 hours). NOAA-10 is scheduled for launch in June 1986. The data used for this study have been obtained from the archive maintained at Dundee University on computer compatible tapes. 3. PROCESSING PROCEDURES The automatic processing scheme for the conversion of the raw data into true earth-surface parameters involves the following steps: 1.Unravelling of the Dundee-tape format, extraction of calibration information and de multiplexing of the 4 (resp. 5) AVHRR channels. 2. Calibrations of the radiometric data and derivation of brightness temperatures and top-of- atmosphere albedos. 3. Cloud-detection, land/sea discrimination. 4. Geometric correction and navigation. 3.1. Reading Dundee-tapes Dedicated software has been developed to read the complex format of the Dundee tapes. The data on the tape are in 10 bit words packed 3 words into 4 bytes. The four (resp. five) AVHRR-channels are multiplexed per scanline and must be separated. The input-module is designed to extract the individual 10-bit datawords and store these in separate files: on for the header/calibration data and one for each AVHRR-channel. 3.2. Calibration of thermal infrared channels In-flight calibration of the IR-channels of the AVHRR is possible because the instrument output is a linear function of the input radiant energy. During every scan-line, the instrument views cold space (zero radiance) and its housing (+ 290K); The housing portion of the instrument has been designed to be a blackbody target for in-orbit-instrument calibration. Four Platimum Resistance Thermometers (PRT's) are embedded in the housing and monitor the temperature of the target. By determining the instrument output while looking at the known warm target and cold space (also in the data format) it is possible to ascertain the linear relation between the raw counts (DN) and radiance (L) (L = A*DN+B) for every scanline. To save computertime the calibration constants are determined every 100 t scanline using calibration data, averaged over 100 scanlines. The calculated radiances in the two IR channels 4 and 5 are subsequently corrected for slight non- linearities using a pre-flight defined correction table (NOAA, 1979). To convert the radiances into brightness temperatures (T b ) the Planck radiation law is used, knowing the pre-flight normalised response function for a given channel (see NOAA, 1979). Since this approach is very computertime consuming, Singh (1984) suggested a more simple procedure, which was found to be as accurate as the Planck formula: T b = ~[Ln(L)-Al’ A and B bei - n 8 determined once for every channel and satellite.

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management (Volume 1)

Multivolume work

Volume

Chapter

Chapter

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Volume

Chapter

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation