Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856472832

Title:: Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Sub title:: [Workshop on "Environmental Modelling Using RS & GIS for Sustainable Development" ... on 11th March 1999]

Scope:: 82 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856472832

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: GROUNDWATER MODELLING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING GIS TECHNIQUES. Novaline Jacob, J. Saibaba and P. V. S. P. Prasada Raju

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

75 GROUNDWATER MODELLING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING GIS TECHNIQUES Novaline Jacob, J. Saibaba and P.V.S.P. Prasada Raju Advanced Data Processing Research Institute,'Dept, of Space, Govt, of India 203, Akbar Road, Tarbund, Manovikasnagar Post, Secunderabad - 500 009 (India) ABSTRACT The groundwater resource is often exhausted due to, increasing groundwater consumption and/or decreasing recharge of groundwater. The groundwater occurrence in a landscape can only be recharged by broader infiltration and, mainly by infiltrating precipitation. Therefore, in the long-term view, groundwater consumption must be adjusted to this input, if the groundwater balance is intended to be preserved or restored. For this, a regional landscape groundwater management is needed with the aim to preserve the long term groundwater use by maintaining a suitable well-poised landscape water balance and to protect the groundwater quality by avoiding deposits of critical loads. Certain issues that should be handled by a Groundwater Management System are discussed in this paper. In this paper, we present procedures for assessing groundwater quantity and quality and also measures for improving the groundwater quality and quantity. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Water, though being a renewable natural resource is being exploited to such an extent that depletion rarely balances replenishment causing danger for sustainable development. This situation is characterised by two effects : (i) Increasing groundwater consumption: Especially very densely populated or highly industralised urban areas are managing the water requirements by means of groundwater resources of their close and remote surrounding. Groundwater consumption in agriculture and horticulture is also increasing due to irrigation. (ii) Decreasing recharge of groundwater: A higher level of surface sealing preventing infiltration into the underground can be found not only in urban areas but also in agricultural areas. By intensified agricultural practices, plant production generates more biomass and crop yield. But for every unit of yield and biomass, the plant has to transpirate additional soil water. Therefore, higher intensity in farming is related to higher water consumption by the process of évapotranspiration. Also, a larger portion of precipitation is drained off by drains. By these reasons, the groundwater balance resource is often exhausted in the long run. The effect is lowering of groundwater level. Numerous instances of subsurface contamination and pollution of groundwater resources have arisen from improper storage, use and handling of organic compounds such as chlorinated solvents, creosotes etc. The characterization and remediation of hazardous waste sites that are the sources of these contaminants are issues of major concern. With the intensification in agriculture it can also be observed, that the leaching of nitrate is increasingly exceeding the critical load of groundwater. This is the reason why groundwater quality is actually a prevailing aspect in groundwater protection. In view of these effects on groundwater quality and quantity, many water supply companies have started to exploit the deep groundwater sheets, although the long term yield of this kind of aquifer layers is quite unknown. Ultimately, the groundwater occurrence in a landscape can only be recharged by broader infiltration and, mainly by infiltrating precipitation. Therefore, in the long-term view, groundwater consumption must be adjusted to this input, if the groundwater balance is intended to be preserved or restored. For this, a regional landscape groundwater management (Selige et a/., 1994) is needed with the aims : (i) to preserve the long-term groundwater use by maintaining a suitable well-poised landscape water balance. (ii) to protect the groundwater quality by avoiding deposits of critical loads. To manage groundwater as a long-term available and balanced property of landscape, we have to take into consideration the influences on landscape water balance.

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