Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

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Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856472832

Title:: Application of remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development

Sub title:: [Workshop on "Environmental Modelling Using RS & GIS for Sustainable Development" ... on 11th March 1999]

Scope:: 82 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856472832

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: HYDROGEOMORPHIC CRITERIA IN GROUND WATER MODELLING. S. K. Subramanian

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

81 CASE STUDY A watershed covering an area of 650 sq. km in southern part of Tamil Nadu, India was selected for study with the following objectives. The main objective of the study was to model the watershed by assessing various land and water requirements necessary for the watershed and test the sustainability of watershed considering the various resources and constraints available in the watershed. This was achieved by : (i) quantifying the total quantity of water required for various activities like agriculture, industry and domestic consumption etc. (ii) quantifying the total quantity of surface water available in the watershed using USDA-SCS method. (iii) quantifying the total quantity of ground water available by developing ground water model for the watershed. (iv) optimize the agricultural production through linear programming model and assess the sustainability status of the watershed. Even though the study covers a wide spectrum of sustainability factors, this paper deals with the methods and results obtained on quantifying the ground water through the modelling techniques. By using the satellite data of Landsat 5 TM FCC and IRS-1A LISS 11 FCC the resource maps were prepared. The collateral data like daily rainfall data for 10 years, meteorological data like temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity, well census, pumping data, demographic data, agricultural data on cropping pattern, crops cultivated, bore hole details, well extraction details, fodder requirement for animal population, water requirement for different crops were used in the modelling study. The area was divided into grids of 1 km x 1 km size for the analysis. Computation of available water resources consists of (i) computation of surface run off using land use, land cover and hydrological soil group maps (ii) computation of sub surface potential by developing a mathematical model through partial differential equation using mainly field measurements (iii) computation of various inflow components in the hydrologic process like rainfall recharge, river bed recharge, return flow from irrigation, sub surface inflow etc. (iv) computation of various outflow components include extraction for human and animal population, agricultural extraction, sub surface outflow, loss due to evapotranspiration through natural vegetation. After computation of various inflows and outflows to each grid, the net discharge or recharge to each grid has been computed using the equation : Qnet = I - Q where Qnet is the net charges in storage of all inflows and outflows, 1 is the total volume of inflow components and Q is the total volume of outflow components. The simulation of model was carried out at IRS, Chennai using basic aquifer simulation program with various inputs of net storage (NQ) with time interval of 15 days (t), the boundary conditions, the available piezometric heads and the aquifer parameters. The model was calibrated with the data for the year 1983-84 to 1988. The calibrated model was tested with the input values pertaining to the period of 1988-89 to 1992-93. The results from the test runs were compared with the observed values and the difference between them was obtained. After calibrating the model it was used for assessing the quantity of ground water available. The watershed boundary was super imposed over the ground water level contour drawn taking into account the minimum and maximum ground water available in the acquifer. Final computation of total quantity of water was calculated for each micro watershed by adding surface runoff or overland flow with the available groundwater. RESULTS OBTAINED The available groundwater in each micro water shed was computed from the distributed groundwater model by aggregating the potentials available in all the grid segments in a particular watershed for period of ten years 1983-92. The minimum quantity of ground water that can be extracted is 31.62 mm\ The maximum and average quantity of ground water that can be harnessed during the ten year period was assessed as 238.24 and 136.30 mm 3 respectively for the entire aquifer of the study area. The average surface water quantity of surface water that can be harnessed are 2 mm’ and 25 mm 3 respectively during thg 10 years period. The average total quantity of water i.e. both surface and sub surface available in the entire watershed was assessed as 147.65 mm 3 . The minimum quantity of water available during the year 1988-89 works out to be around 33 mm 3 and the maximum quantity of water available during the year 1987-93 for both surface and ground water in the watershed is given in Table 1.

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