Sharing and cooperation in geo-information technology

Aziz, T. Lukman

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856479470

Author:: Aziz, T. Lukman

Title:: Sharing and cooperation in geo-information technology

Sub title:: ISPRS Commission VI Symposium, April 15 - 17, 1999, Bandung, Indonesia

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (130 Seiten)

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856479470

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: WG VI/1: EDUCATION

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: EDUCATION IN REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION. Prof. Dr. Jan J. Nossin

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

SPOT-3: 26 Sept. 1993 (lost after a period of good operation, due to a technical failure) SPOT 4: 24 March 1998 SPOT 4 has a 5-year designed lifespan, and has been in operation since 26 May, 1998. It has a registration of the 10 m. resolution band (P) with XS 1 and XS 3 (20m), by calibrating XS 2 to 10 in. resolution. Recording capacity has been increased from 22 to 40 minutes per recorder (2 recorders on board). It also carries a wide-angle vegetation monitoring instrument with resolution of 1 km, daily global coverage, in operation since and of June 1998. SPOT 4 also has an additional Middle IR band. The recording instruments on SPOT 1,2 and 3 are referred to as the HRV (High Resolution Visible) instruments (two on board each satellite); those on SPOT 4 are referred to as HRVIR instruments (High Resolution Visible and Infrared) SPOT is a French satellite system; images and information : http://www.spotimage.fr/ address: 5 rue des Satellites, F 31030 Toulouse cedex, France tel+ 33 (0) 562 19 40 40 fax:+ 33(0) 562 19 40 11 - New features w.r.t. Landsat: SPOT(l,2 and 3) operate in two modes: a multispectral, three- band (XS)mode with ground resolution of 20 m, and a panchromatic (P) [thus black/white] mode with 10 x 10 m. ground resolution. Push-broom scanner: All pixels are simultaneously depicted on the detector array so there is 1 detector per pixel; 6000 in P mode , 3000 x 3 for XS. Total, per HRV: 15000 detectors. Two independent HRVs. Linear array detectors; calibration between arrays is critical. No moving parts; no jittering between startpoints of lines. Dwelling time on the ground, per pixel is theoretically 3000 times longer than with an optical-mechanical scanner. Hence the ground resolution can be much better (10 m sampling interval in P, 20 m in XS). • Orbit 830 km; inclination 98.7 degr; local sun time descending node at equator: 10.30 a.m Area of ground scene 60 x 60 (81.5) km. Repeat cycle 26 days ; 369 orbits per full cycle. Pointing capability HRV - 27 deg to + 27 deg .(+ is East looking) 1 mirror step is 0.6 degr. step 0 is 27 degr. west, step 48 is vertical (nadir view), step 93 is 27 degr. east, step values increase from W to E. The resulting stereoscopic possibilities are a major improvement w.r.t. Landsat. * * The Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) The Indian satellite program started with two satellites that provide data comparable to Landsat MSS, now the IRS 1-C is in orbit. The orbit, at around 900 km, is sun-synchronous like those of Landsat and SPOT. Also its successor, IRS 1-D, with similar specifications, is now delivering data. The satellite provides panchromatic (500-750 nm) data at 5.8 m resolution, and with a sidelook capability (26 degr. east to west) to provide stereo imagery. Multispectral data comes at 25 m. ground resolution (520- 590 nm- green, 620-680 red, 770-860 (near IR) and 1500-1700 nm (shortwave IR). Furthermore, wide-field data at 188 m. resolution and a swath width of 774 km is collected by IRS 1-C. Throughout the IRS program, push-broom scanners have bneen used (LISS = Linear Imaging Selfscanning Sensor). Ground receiving stations are in India (Shadnagar), USA (Norma, Oklahoma), and Germany (Neustrelitz). On-board recorders provide data outside the reach of these ground stations. More ground receiving stations are being readied. IRS 1-A and 1-B have no recorders on board and were intended to serve the Indian ground receiving facility directly; 1-B is now also received in the USA station. After the loss of Landsat 6, Eosat Company have acquired distribution rights for IRS data. Archiving started in March 1996. Since then, the company has been taken overn by Space Imaging Co, at Thornton, Colorado Information on data availability and ordering procedures, on e- mail: info@spaceimage.com The website: http://www.spaceimage.com During the experimental and proof-of-concept period, prior to 1985, we have become aware of the potential of aero-space remote sensing, as a data collection tool. * A third premise is, that earth observation from space, as under discussion here, should not be considered in isolation.The strength of its application is greatly enhanced by combining it with other techniques of data collection by remote sensing including aerial photography, and with data from other sources. The combination and merger of information derived from a variety of sources of remotely sensed data holds a strong application potential especially where access to remote areas is difficult, and where other data sources may be scarce. In other words: the current trend of amalgamating RS data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) packs a great application potential for development planning. * My fourth and final premise is, that a decision to use this more or less sophisticated technology for operational purposes, like in local administration, regional planning etc. is pointless if not an in-depth investment in human resources is made at the same time. There is great need of expertise to extract the information packed in remotely sensed data, for application in specific domains. 2. REMOTELY SENSED DATA AND INFORMATION EXTRACTION If RS data is considered as a bidimensional array of digital numbers, or as analog imagery, then that is the raw data from which to start our considerations. * Thematic Information is extracted from this primary source data by ordering and processing the data, subjecting it to specific treatment, so as to

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: Sharing and cooperation in geo-information technology

Monograph

Chapter

Chapter

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Monograph

Chapter

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation