Special UNISPACE III volume

Marsteller, Deborah

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856485039

Author:: Marsteller, Deborah

Title:: Special UNISPACE III volume

Sub title:: including: ISPRS Workshop on "Resource Mapping from Space", ISPRS-EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters", ISPRS-NASA Seminar on "Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development", July 1999, Vienna, Austria

Scope:: IV, 170 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856485039

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters"

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MANAGEMENT. J. Béquignon

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII Part 7C2, UNISPACE III, Vienna, 1999 93 UNISPACE III - ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop on ~ T\ ^ S/ ^ —- E3 I5PRS ‘Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters ” 2:30-5:30 pm, 22 July 1999, VIC Room B Vienna, Austria SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MANAGEMENT J. Béquignon European Space Agency Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati - ITALY Jerome.Bequignon@esrin.esa.it ABSTRACT The hidden nature of earthquakes, taking place at depth varying from 1 to hundreds of kilometres, the extreme conditions governing the phenomenon, its rheology both in terms of time and space, make progress of the research difficult. Space technology does contribute to the scientific research and to general measures in earthquake management, sometimes in unexpected ways such as with SAR interferometry, but it cannot provide a magic answer beyond physics. This presentation intends to review the contributions of space techniques along the 3 main phases of the management of earthquake hazards. Most earthquakes occur in well-known areas and while this is still a difficult task, risk maps and vulnerability maps may be drawn. In this context, satellite imagery is used effectively for land use or urban management, and this usage will certainly increase with very high resolution imaging systems. Imaging systems are also used at a larger scale for detecting tectonic lineaments and structures. However structural characterisation of buildings has still to be performed by means of traditional surveys. Accurate positioning systems, involving laser tracking, and VLBI have been used for a long time. Nowadays, dense networks of GPS systems equip areas such as the Los Angeles basin. Such systems, and the novel technique of differential SAR interferometry, allow for measuring accurately ground deformation, aseismic displacements and plate motion rate along active faults such as the North- Anatolian fault. These data may be integrated with other geophysical measurements in order to assess stress loading. Various phenomena, such as electromagnetic, thermal or seismic anomalies, have been quoted as possible precursors of large earthquakes, and some experiments with imaging systems operating in the thermal band are found in the literature. Dedicated satellite missions are planned for electrical anomaly tracking. For the time being these are research issues which have not met a general acceptance nor are systematically used. The next generation of satellite mobile phones provides telecommunication means virtually independent of terrestrial lines and relays, which should be particularly appropriate after an earthquake occurs. Current imaging systems have shown limitations in terms of resolution for mapping effectively damaged areas, as in the case of Kobe or Spitak. The next generation of 1-m optical systems may provide a suitable resolution but revisit time may be a serious issue. Again SAR interferometry may be used effectively to map surface deformations, when this method will be completely robust. Assessment of structural damage to buildings is probably beyond: the capabilities of even the very high resolution optical systems although some research with. SAR polarised instruments have shown some potential. Management of earthquake hazard is a very difficult task. In most phases, current space technologies may contribute to it, together with other methods. Some new satellite systems will deliver more appropriate information and others will continue to contribute to the necessary basic research. Space technology and earthquake hazard management J. Béquignon European Space Agency Jerome.Bequignon@esrin.esa.it 22 July 1999 §esa, j

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