Special UNISPACE III volume

Marsteller, Deborah

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856485039

Author:: Marsteller, Deborah

Title:: Special UNISPACE III volume

Sub title:: including: ISPRS Workshop on "Resource Mapping from Space", ISPRS-EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters", ISPRS-NASA Seminar on "Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development", July 1999, Vienna, Austria

Scope:: IV, 170 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856485039

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters"

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: NATURAL HAZARDS OF GEOLOGIC ORIGINEROSION, LAND DEGRADATION/DESERTIFICATION, VOLCANOES AND ACTIVE FAULTS- THE UNESCO/IUGS GEOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING (GARS)- PROGRAMME. Dietrich Bannert and Robert Missotten

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of Photogrammetry andRemote Sensing. Vol. XXXII Part 7C2, UNISPACE HI, Vienna, 1999 99 I5PR5 UNISPACE III - ISPRS/EARSeL Workshop on “Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters” 2:30-5:30 pm, 22 July 1999, VIC Room B Vienna, Austria NATURAL HAZARDS OF GEOLOGIC ORIGIN- EROSION, LAND DEGRADATION/DESERTIFICATION, VOLCANOES AND ACTIVE FAULTS- THE UNESCO/IUGS GEOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING (GARS)- PROGRAMME Dietrich Bannert and Robert Missotten Unesco/IUGS GARS-Programme ABSTRACT Geological natural hazards have become a significant threat to a large part of the world population. Remote sensing methods can be used to assess the potential for many natural and man made geological hazards. The Geological Application of Remote Sensing (GARS) Programis addressing a wide variety of these issues in order to have more powerful tools developed to assess potential hazards, to monitor ongoing geological catastrophes and to register and appraise the damages occurred. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years natural hazards - many of those of geologic origin - became an issue of increasing public awareness. There are a number of reasons, governing this development: larger populations moving into potential risk areas unsuitable land-use and land management loss of financial investments due to natural catastrophes rapid dissemination of news, intensive media coverage There is, a on the other hand, a rapid development in the information technology sector, especially in earth observation. Earth observation satellites and remote sensing aircraft are the platforms, which are used to install sophisticated equipment designed to scan the earth in numerous wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. The data acquired is mainly in digital format. Multispectral scanners (MSS) with bands numbering from 3 to 220, covering the visible to short-wave range of the electromagnetic spectrum are the most conunon instruments in space and on aircraft. The trend to improve the spatial resolution will continue and add unprecedented image data, which, when combined with selected MSS bands, will build a powerful source of information. Radar satellites with their all-weather capabilities add to the spectrum of satellites. Radar data together with the precise ranging of the satellite will add measured quantities to earth observation (MASSONET, D. 1999). For the first time we are in a position to generate an exact topographical model of the earth surface. Altitudes can thus be compared from continent to continent. Future missions will deliver data for a higher vertical resolution and will be of a more precise cartographic quality'. Powerful computers are available practical for everyone and expectations are high that automated procedures will be developed that warn authorities and organisations of disasters to come. 2. EROSION, LAND DEGRADATION/DESERTIFICATION In geology we identify two major forces that influence the surface of our planet. They are the endogene forces and the exogene forces. Both can result in disasters. The endogene forces, stemming from the earth interior, can cause uplifting, earthquakes, as well as volcanic activity. Among the exogene forces are erosion, flooding, desertification with all the associated disasters once larger populations are affected. All the processes mentioned here can develop into catastropliic events in the case, the population is not prepared. Often the event was underestimated, or the event developed more rapidly than anticipated. 2.1 Erosion Erosion and sedimentation are two processes, which are generally everywhere present on the land surface. Wind and water remove the topmost surface and the material will be deposited elsewhere. Geologists call the deposition of material sedimentation. Both processes can achieve catastrophic dimensions. Landslides strike without warning and laliars, a form of volcanic sedimentation, can bury within hours whole valleys under meters of sediments. 2.2 Land-degradation Land-degradation can lead to a permanent desertification. Arable land is going out of production. This process is the result of a large number of different factors: overpopulation induces the degradation of the natural vegetation, which in return leads to a liigher susceptibility to desertification. But drought lias an even more adverse impact. The distribution of rainfall spatially as well as timely can have disastrous effects on vulnerable environments. 1972-1973 the Sahelian drought, brought the affected countries south of the Sahara desert almost to a collapse. Vegetation monitoring on a day by day basis is a powerful tool when it is combined with data on population, soil capabilities, rainfall etc. For more detailed observation a large technical potential lies in the application of hyperspectral data to vegetation studies.

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