Special UNISPACE III volume

Marsteller, Deborah

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856485039

Author:: Marsteller, Deborah

Title:: Special UNISPACE III volume

Sub title:: including: ISPRS Workshop on "Resource Mapping from Space", ISPRS-EARSeL Workshop on "Remote Sensing for the Detection, Monitoring and Mitigation of Natural Disasters", ISPRS-NASA Seminar on "Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development", July 1999, Vienna, Austria

Scope:: IV, 170 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1999

Place of publication:: Coventry

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856485039

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: ISPRS/NASA Seminar on "Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development"

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: HIGH RESOLUTION EARTH IMAGING FROM SPACE - A COMMERCIAL PERSPECTIVE ON A CHANGING LANDSCAPE. John T. Neer

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII Part 7C2. UNISPACE III, Vienna, 1999 135 UNIS PACE III- IS PRS/NASA Seminar on “Environment and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development” 9:00 am -12:00 pm, 23 July 1999, VIC Room A Vienna, Austria UN-PSA should replace “Space”, with “Information” and form a UN-PIA. Space, and remote sensing, become a means to a far more critical end - to solve economic, national sustainability, environmental, and security problems. As the information age advances, the UN needs to sponsor, promote, and develop a global program in Information Science and Technology oriented toward ensuring access to information, not data, and training people to apply the information to solving local and regional problems. The above events and the parallel development and operations of national remote sensing programs set the stage for the entrance of commercial systems (e.g. IKONOS. Figure 1). To help form a basis of meaningful dialog on this changing “Landscape” it is necessary to define the “Landscape”, how it is changing, and what direction the Earth information (a.k.a. remote sensing) industry is moving. Such understanding better frames the reasons commercial endeavors have emerged in the nineties. REMOTE SENSING “SPATIAL SPECTRUM” DEFINITION Before proceeding, let’s define a critical parameter of remote sensing systems- resolution-in the context of many different systems. In order to help “standardize” our thinking and discussion about the diverse remote sensing systems, it would be useful to adopt a standard reference system similar to the electromagnetic spectrum used by the ITU on a global basis. Table I is a notional offering of one such possible “spatial - spectrum” that will be used in the paper. The table, fashioned after the frequency spectrum, is nominally partitioned in “octaves”, factors of two (2), and grouped in 2X bands as shown The banding occurs naturally as systems designed for servicing one band is sub-optimized for another band. Single “camera” systems cannot be cost effectively optimized across a 10X resolution range. Historically, reconnaissance and aerial imaging systems have operated in Bands 1, 2 & 3. Civil observation/remote sensing systems operate in Bands 5 and 6. Atmospheric and meteorological systems operate in the Band 7 regime. With the entrance of SPOT and IRS Band 4 is now being operationally filled. The new' commercial systems plan to operate in Band 3. The commercial systems are. almost by definition, designed to operate at the human scale where the highest economic value is found. Band 3, nominally 1 meter, represents the spatial “content” domain where human feature detection, identification, and change analysis more optimally occurs. Table I: SPATIAL RESOLUTION “SPECTRUM” BAND RESOLUTION IN METERS DESIGNATOR DEFINITION SOURCE/USES 1 .1 - .5 EHR Extremely High Resolution Reconnaissance, Aerial 2 .5 - 1.0 VHR Very High Resolution Reconnaissance, Aerial 3 1.0 - 4.0 HR High Resolution Reconnaissance, Commercial 4 4-12 MR Medium Resolution Commercial Civil 5 12-50 LR Low Resolution Civil 6 50 - 250 VLR Very Low Resolution Civil 7 >250 ELR Extremely Low Resolution Civil, Meteorological COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSINGAND SPACE IMAGING - WHERE DID IT COME FROM AND WHY NOW? The business development of Space Imaging started in 1989 - 1990. The down turn in the defense spending post Cold War Aerospace raised business diversification questions as to how to leverage available technology into economically attractive commercial markets. At the same time, activities and events around the world made clearer the need for better Earth information sources and products. Digital imaging space technology was operationally developed for diversification, however, both the political environment and economic viability were unclear as noted in

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