International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: COMPARISON BETWEEN A CAMERA LUCIDA PANORAMA AND A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY. PIETRO BROGLIA, EVA SAVINA MALINVERNI, LUIGI MUSSIO

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

16 COMPARISON BETWEEN A CAMERA LUCIDA PANORAMA AND A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY PIETRO BROGLIA n EVA SAVINA MALINVERNI n , LUIGI MUSSIO n ( ' Observatory of Brera - Merate ( ] DIIAR - Polytechnic of Milan e-mail: eva@ipmtf4.topo.poliml.it Commission VI, Working Group 3 KEYWORDS: cartographic projections, altimétrie mapping, panorama, camera lucida, photogrammetry. ABSTRACT: The authors had the opportunity to collect, analyze and compare different kinds of representation acquired by means of ancient and modern technologies. The idea was born out after having found an ancient perspective, realized in the nineteenth century, by means of a camera lucida, in the Archive of Brera Observatory - Milan (Italy). To validate the accuracy of the panorama, i.e. the capability of this old technique, to obtain a good altimetric mapping, a modern terrestrial photogrammetric survey was set up and compared. THE CONTRIBUTE OF THE ASTRONOMERS OF BRERA OBSERVATORY TO THE CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION This paper resumes, develops and completes a recent research about the use of camera lucida to draw panoramas (Broglia et al., 1999). Thanks to the geodetic and cartographic research, in the XVIII century, of the astronomers of Brera Observatory - Milan (Italy) and the young engineers of the Pavia University (Italy), many documents were collected which testify their capability to realize an accurate and realistic survey of the territory. They always used scientific methods and tested new technologies, like the "camera lucida", which is a technique of drawing mountainous landscapes more accurate than the traditional "tavoletta pretoriana" (Hammond et al., 1987). A lot of important documents collected in the Archive of Brera Observatory, give evidence the great work, between the XVIII and XIX century, of famous astronomers and geodesists, like Boscovic, De Cesaris, Reggio, Oriani and Carlini (Carlini, 1862). Their researches were very important; in fact during their campaigns of measurements the altimetric information was provided to complete the cartographic representation and some other important objects of geodetic knowledge (latitude and longitude) (Monti et al., 1980). Among these personalities, the figure of Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovic is recalled for his Dalmatian origin (he was born in 1711 in Ragusa and died in 1787 in Milan). He was a Jesuit, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Pavia and of Astronomy in Brera. He became Director of Brera Observatory at its foundation. Furthermore he contributed at the progress of the knowledge of the form of the earth, trying to realize the trigonometric measurements from the France to the Adriatic Sea and the mountains of Istria and realizing the geodetic network of the first order in the Papa State. He opened the new age in the history of the Italian Cartography. In fact, after a period in France (from the 1773), he returned in Italy (in the 1779), to collaborate with the astronomers of Brera about different cartographic problems. Boscovic obtained important results, developed theory and applied methods and instruments sometimes for the first time used. Regarding it, in the same period some ingenious astronomers and surveyors collaborated together with opticians, physicians and mechanicists to improve new instruments and to obtain surveys more accurate than the traditional ones. In less time, important contributions were achieved, like the "camera lucida", which can be considered the precursor of the photographic systems (Amici, 1819, 1823). Indeed Francesco Carlini, another astronomer and director of Brera Observatory, showed the possibility of obtaining more perfect panoramas with the system of Daguerre, using its capability to acquire objects of dim light, like mountains, observed from a long distance (Carlini, 1841). Some panoramas were collected in the Archive of Brera and among these, in the papers of Carlini, the panorama of the hilly landscape of Lecco (Italy) was recently found. It covers an arc of 180 degrees, from Mont. Barro to Mont. St. Martino. It is a strip of two papers, 95 cm large and 15 cm wide, sewn one to other (Figure 1). This panorama is very interesting, because it shows every details of the landscape with accuracy and regular proportions, as it was made in scale. For these reasons and for its style it cannot be a simple sketch made by free hand. The purpose of the previous research was to investigate and to pursue studies and hypothesis regarding the author and the localization of the point(s) of view, from which the panorama was (were) obtained. Figure 1. Panorama of the mountains from Lecco (Italy)

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