International cooperation and technology transfer

Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856490555

Author:: Fras, Mojca Kosmatin

Title:: International cooperation and technology transfer

Sub title:: Ljubljana, Slovenia, February 2 - 5, 2000 : proceedings of the workshop

Scope:: VI, 163 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2000

Place of publication:: London

Publisher of the original:: RICS Books

Identifier (digital):: 856490555

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: SURVEY AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE ALTIMETRIC NETWORK FOR MONITORING GROUND VERTICAL MOVEMENTS IN THE AREA OF PISA. G. Caroti

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

20 SURVEY AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE ALTIMETRIC NETWORK FOR MONITORING GROUND VERTICAL MOVEMENTS IN THE AREA OF PISA G. Caroti (*) (*) Department of Civil Engineering - University of Pisa, Italy ISPRS Commission VI, Working Group 3 KEYWORDS: GPS, Levelling, Subsidence ABSTRACT For many years periodic controls of the Pisan plain have been undertaken to monitor vertical movements of the ground. In 1997 new campaigns of geometric levelling were scheduled in a CNR-ENEL research project for subsidence control in a wide area of the Pisan Plain. The author reports the study carried out for setting up the network and the outcome of the measuring surveys performed in autumn- winter 1998-99, the analyses of which allow the formulation of hypotheses on the trend of the phenomenon studied, in a specific place corresponding to a significant benchmark. 1. INTRODUCTION The area studied includes part of the Old Town, the nearby residential areas and the northern stretch of the Pisan plain, outside the city center. A good part of this area is covered by the great levelling network set up in the past years on Pisan territory by various organization to monitor the vertical movements of the ground (today the altimetric control network covers an area of approx. 430 km 2 and stretches for about 460 km). In order to study the area from an altimetric viewpoint and to monitor and analyze the vertical movements of the ground, use was made of precise stretches of national high precision levelling lines converging on or coming out of the Pisa node set up by the I.G.M. and surveyed by the same in 1951. With respect to Pisa, these lines are oriented respectively toward north, east, south, the first and the third approximately parallel to the coast (Aurelia highway), the second stretching along the river Arno (fig. 1). Subsequently, local precision levelling lines were surveyed. These were carried out, not at the same time, by Public or Private organizations. These lines not only made it possible to identify a common altimetric reference (the I.G.M. 31/8 benchmark (1951) of Migliarino Pisano) to use for future levelling campaigns too, but also to standardize the distribution of benchmarks in the Pisan Plain, as well as to connect the plain altimetrically to the surrounding mountains and their rocky outcrops. Of these new levelling lines, particular mention is made of the one stretching along the sides of the Pisan mountains consisting of numerous I.G.M. benchmarks dating back to 1920; particularly interesting is the horizontal and vertical benchmark (15-III-C) found on the building of the health Spa center in San Giuliano Terme. This line has been subsequently used also to define a relative altimetric reference: for this purpose it has been repeatedly linked with the I.G.M. benchmark of Migliarino Pisano in order to highlight its present progressive increase in negative vertical movements compared to that of S. Giuliano Terme. Figure 1 2. NETWORK MEASURING In 1997, during the planning of the altimetric control network for the CNR-ENEL research project, aiming to check subsidence in a wide area of the Pisan Plain, use of the historical background material was taken into account.

Access restriction

Copyright

fullscreen: International cooperation and technology transfer

Monograph

Chapter

Table of contents

Cite and reuse

Monograph

Chapter

Image

Image fragment

Citation links

Citation recommendation