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The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

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fullscreen: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856566209

Author:: Chen, Jun

Title:: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Sub title:: May 23 - 25, 2001, Bangkok, Thailand

Scope:: VI, 434 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2001

Place of publication:: Pathumthani, Thailand

Publisher of the original:: AIT

Identifier (digital):: 856566209

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: AN INTELLIGENT GIS SEARCH ENGINE TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FROM INTERNET. Zhe LIU, Yong GAO

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Contents

Table of contents

The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics
Cover
ColorChart
Title page
PREFACE
Conference Venue
CONTENTS
DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS AND AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION OF URBAN BUILDING CLUSTER. Tinghua AI
GENERALIZATION FOR 3D GIS. Fengwen BAI, Xiaoyong CHEN
USING IKONOS HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND USE CLASSIFICATION IN CHINA. Georg BARETH
LARGE SCALE GIS FOR A SUBURBAN TOWNSHIP OF BEIJING TO MODEL STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ON FIELD LEVEL. Georg BARETH, Si JIN, Tailai YAN and Reiner DOLUSCHITZ
THREE LEVEL HIERARCHICAL QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS FOR DIRECTIONS OF SPATIAL OBJECTS. Han CAO, Jun CHEN, Daosheng Du
THE APPLICATION OF CENTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF THE INTRA-URBAN MIGRATORY PHENOMENON IN THE GREATER MONCTON AREA IN CANADA, 1981-1996. Huhua CAO
PER-FIELD CLASSIFICATION INTEGRATING VERY FINE SPATIAL RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY WITH TOPOGRAPHIC DATA. Mauro CAPRIOLI, Eufemia TARANTINO
INTEGRATION OF GIS WITH PESTICIDES LOSSES RUNOFF MODEL. Bing CHEN, Gordon HUANG, Jonathan LI, Yueren LI, and Yifan LI
RESEARCH ON 3D CITY VISUALIZATION BASED ON INTERNET. Jing CHEN, Qingquan Ll, Jianya GONG, Bisheng YANG
DYNAMIC AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GIS: AN OVERVIEW. Jun CHEN, Zhilin LI, Jie JIANG
A GIS-SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PETROLEUM WASTE CONTAMINATED SITE. Su Chen, Gordon Huang, and Jonathan Li
MEASURING UNCERTAINTY IN SPATIAL FEATURES IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. Chui Kwan CHEUNG and Wenzhong SHI
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF LARGE CITY BASED ON GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS. Anrong DANG, Qizhi MAO, Xiaodong WANG
DIGITAL CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR LAND FEATURE PRESENTATION. Gang DENG
3D SPATIAL OBJECTS MODELING AND VISUALIZATION BASED ON LASER LANGE DATA. Jie DU, Apisit EIUMNOH, Xiaoyang CHEN, Michiro KUSANAGI
3D REPRESENTATION AND SIMULATION OF MINING SUBSIDING LAND BASED ON GIS, DPS AND GPS. Peijun DU, Dazhi GUO and Qihao WENG
USE DSM/DTM TO SUPPORT CHANGE DETECTION OF BUILDING IN URBAN AREA. Hong FAN, Jianqing ZHANG, Zuxun ZHANG, Zhifang LIU
ENHANCE MANAGEMENT LEVEL OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT WITH 3S TECHNOLOGY. Yewen FAN and Wei WANG
AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF SATELLITE IMAGE TO MAP. Kensaku FUJII
DIFFERENTIAL SATELLITE POSITIONING OVER INTERNET. Ying. GAO and Zhi. LIU
FEDERATED SPATIAL DATABASES AND INTEROPERABILITY. Jianya GONG, Yandong WANG
OPTIMIZING PATH FINDING IN VEHICLE NAVIGATION CONSIDERING TURN PENALTIES AND PROHIBITIONS. Gang HAN, Jie JANG, Jun CHEN
DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT SPATIAL-TEMPORAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND APPLICATION FOR CENSUS DATA- TOWARD ASIAN SPATIAL TEMPORAL GIS (ST-GIS) (2)-. Michinori HATAYAMA, Shigeru KAKUMOTO, Hiroyuki KAMEDA
MODELING LAND USE EFFECT ON URBAN STORM RUNOFF AT THE WATERSHED SCALE. Chansheng HE
EXTRACTION OF THE SEA OIL INFORMATION FROM TM AND AVHRR IMAGE BY THE METHOD OF FEATURE DATA LINE -WINDOW. Fengrong HUANG
THE APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK AND FUZZY SET TO CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY. Dongmin HUO, Jingxiong ZHANG, Jiabing SUN
A SELF-ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM OF AUTOMATIC INTERIOR ORIENTATION FOR METRIC IMAGES. Wanshou JIANG, Guo ZHANG, Deren LI
DETECTION OF SHEER CHANGES IN AERIAL PHOTO IMAGES USING AN ADAPTIVE NONLINEAR MAPPING. Yukio KOSUGI, Munenori FUKUNISHI, Mitsuteru SAKAMATO, Wei LU and Takeshi DOIHARA
EFFECTIVENESS OF MENU-DRIVEN VS. SCRIPT-BASED GIS TUTORIAL SYSTEMS. Bin LI
BUILDING OF B/S-BASED OBJECT ORIENTED ELECTRONIC CHART DATABASE. Guangru LI, Shaopeng SUN, Depeng ZHAO
MINE GIS 3D DATA MODEL AND SOME THINKING. Q. Y. LI, D. Y. CAO, X. D. ZHU
THE RESEARCH OF THE INFINITELY VARIABLE MAP SCALE IN GIS. Yifan LI, Shaopeng SUN
RESEARCH ON INFORMATION AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION WITH VARYING MAP SCALE. Yuanhui LI, Dan LIU, Yifan LI
QUANTITATIVE MEASURES FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION OF MAPS. Zhilin LI and Peizhi HUANG
AN ALGEBRA FOR SPATIAL RELATIONS. Zhilin LI, Renliang ZHAO and Jun CHEN
A STUDY ON THE EXTRACTION OF DEM FROM SINGLE SAR IMAGE. Mingsheng LIAO, Jie YANG, Hui LIN
A GIS-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE ERHAI LAKE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT. Lei LIU, Gordon HUANG, and Jonathan LI
APPLICATION OF 4D AND ASSOCIATED ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM. Rong LIU, Penggen CHENG, Zhuguo XING, Kaiyun LU
3D RECONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING FROM SINGLE IMAGE. Yawen LIU, Zuxun ZHANG, Jianqing ZHANG
AN INTELLIGENT GIS SEARCH ENGINE TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FROM INTERNET. Zhe LIU, Yong GAO
AN ENHANCED TIN GENERATION METHOD FOR USING CONTOUR LINE AS CONSTRAINS. Wei LU, Takeshi DOIHARA
NON-LINEAR RECTIFICATION OF MAP WITH COLLINEAR CONSTRAIN. Wei LU, Takeshi DOIHARA
A STUDY ON VEHICLE POINT CORRECTING ALGORITHM IN GPS/AVL SYSTEMS. HongShan NIU, Jie XU, Hong LI
A SPATIO-TEMPORAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON IMPLICIT TOPOLOGY DESCRIPTION: STIMS. Yutaka OHSAWA, Atushi NAGASHIMA
APPLICATION OF VRML IN A DYNAMIC AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL HARBOR. Mingyang PAN, Yifan LI, Depeng ZHAO
A COMMON DATA MODEL AND REQUESTING LANGUAGE FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION MARKETPLACES. Matthew Y. C. PANG, Wenzhong SHI, Geoffrey SHEA
TOPOLOGIC DATA STRUCTURE FOR A 3D GIS. Mattias Pfund
AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION AND LOCATION OF ROAD SIGNS FROM TERRESTERIAL COLOR IMAGERY. Sompoch PUNTAVUNGKOUR, Xiaoyang CHEN, Michiro KUSANAGI
A NEW STEREO MATCHING APPROACH USING EDGES AND NONLINEAR MATCHING PROCESS OBJECTED FOR URBAN AREA. Mitsuteru SAKAMOTO, Wei LU, Pingtao WANG
MINING SEQUENTIAL PATTERN FROM GEOSPATIAL DATA. Yin SHAN
THE ADVANCED GIS AND GPS TECHNOLOGIES TO BE USED IN THE LANCHANG BASIN AREA OF YUNNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA. Kun SHI
PRIMARY SPATIAL CHANGES. Hong SHU, Christopher GOLD and Jun CHEN
INCORPORATING 3D GEO-OBJECTS INTO AN EXISTING 2D GEO-DATABASE: AN EFFICIENT USE OF GEO-DATA. Jantien STOTER, Peter VAN OOSTEROM
A FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CHANGE DETECTION SYSTEM. Haigang SUI, Deren LI, Jianya GONG
BUILDING DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR OCEAN TRANSPORTATION (GIS-OT). Shaopeng SUN, Guangru LI, Depeng ZHAO
COMPUTATION OF ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPH AND LASER DATA. Taravudh TIPDECHO & Xiaoyong CHEN
PROXIMITY AND ACCESSIBILITY TO SUITABLE JOBS AMONG WORKERS OF VARIOUS WAGE GROUPS. Fahui WANG
WEB MAPPING WITH GEOGRAPHY MARKUP LANGUAGE. Xingling WANG, Chongjun YANG, Donglin LIU
INTEGRATION OF COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT METHODS USING FUZZY MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING : A NEW APPROACH FOR COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT IN SHAPE BASED REDISTRICTING ALGORITHM. Yinchai WANG
GIS-BASED SYSTEM FOR RAINFALL ESTIMATION USING RAINGAUGE DATA: A PROTOTYPE. Yinchai WANG, Teck Kiong SIEW
A NEW APPROACH FOR DISTRIBUTED GIS. Yuxiang WANG, Chongjun YANG, Donglin LIU
GEOD2D: A FLEXIBLE SOLUTION FOR GIS DATA EXCHANGE BASED ON COM. Huayi WU, Xinyan ZHU
GEOLOGICAL DATA ORGANIZATION FOR FEM BASED ON 3D GEOSCIENCE MODELING. Lixin WU, Enke HOU, Chunan TANG
DIGITAL MODEL AND GPS BASED PATH REPRESENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION. Linyuan XIA
AN COMPOSITE TEMPORAL DATA MODEL IN CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. Changsheng XUE, Qingquan LI, and Bisheng YANG, Yuanchun HUA, Shiwu XU
A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA MODEL FOR MOVING AREA PHENOMENA. Shanzhen Yl, Yong ZHONG, Lizhu ZHOU, Jun CHEN, Qilun LIU
CONSTRUCTION OF 3D MODELS FOR ELEVATED OBJECTS IN URBAN AREAS USING AIRBORNE SAR POLARIMETRIC DATA. Yalkun YUSUF, Masashl MATSUOKA, Fumio YAMAZAKI, Seiho URATSUKA, Tatsuharu KOBAYASHI, Makoto SATAKE
COASTAL GIS: FUNCTIONALITY VERSUS APPLICATIONS. Thomas Q ZENG, Qiming ZHOU, Peter COWELL and Haijun HUANG
CIS AIDED CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN SOUTHERN THAILAND. Jianjun ZHANG, Xiaoyong CHEN, Preeda PARKPIAN, Monthip Sriratana TABUCANON, Janewit WONGSANOON, Kensuke FUKUSHI, Skorn MONGKOLSUK and N.C.THANH
MULTIRESOLUTION TERRIAN MODEL. Jin ZHANG
A TROUS WAVELET DECOMPOSITION APPLIED TO DETECTING IMAGE EDGE. Xiaodong ZHANG, Deren LI
RESEARCH OF THE LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON WEB GIS AND SPATIAL DATABASES FOR PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN CHINA. Junsan ZHAO, Yaolong ZHAO, Qiaogui ZHAO and Tao WEI
ANALYSING BRANCH BANK CLOSURES USING GIS AND THE SMART MODEL. Lihua ZHAO, Barry J. GARMER
QTM-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE GENERATING OF VORONOI DIAGRAM FOR SPHERICAL OBJECTS. Xuesheng ZHAO, Jun CHEN
MODELING AND LANDSCAPE OF HIGHWAY CAD. Jiaqing ZHENG, Xi’an ZHAO, Chujiang CHEN
ASSISTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE FOR PREDICTIVE MAPPING USING A FUZZY C-MEANS CLASSIFICATION. A-Xing ZHU, Edward ENGLISH
THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CYBERCITY GIS (CCGIS). Qing ZHU, Deren LI, Yeting ZHANG, Hanjiang XIONG
3D COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE TIMBER BUILDINGS. Yixuan ZHU, Jie YANG, Deren LI
3D MODELLING FOR AUGMENTED REALITY. Siyka ZLATANOVA
THE DESIGN OF SPATIAL DATA WAREHOUSE. Yijiang ZOU
AUTHOR INDEX
Cover

Full text

ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, “Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS”, Bangkok, May 23-25, 2001
199
AN INTELLIGENT GIS SEARCH ENGINE TO RETRIEVE
INFORMATION FROM INTERNET
ZheLIU, YongGAO
The University of Calgary
Geomatics Engineering, 2500 University Drive NW., Calgary, AB, CANADA, T2N 1N4
FAX: 403-2841980; TEL: 403-2208230, 403-2206174
EMAIL: zheliu@ucalgarv.ca. qao@geomatics.ucalgary.ca
Keywords: Intelligent GIS Search Engine, Internet Information Retrieval, Fuzzy Logic, GIS Thesauri
ABSTRACT
There are a lot of search engines available to retrieve GIS related information on Internet, such as the general search engines like
Yahoo, AlltheWeb, or the specially designed search engines for GIS Community like GeoCommunity. It is general for these current
search engines to provide irrelevant results and miss relevant results when they are used to retrieve GIS related information. No-Name,
an intelligent search engine designed by author, is developed intentionally to overcome the disadvantages and inabilityof current search
engines to serve GIS community. No-Name builds a reasonable size keywords database by carefully choosing about 2000 GIS terms to
construct a GIS thesauri. Since the terms are usually relevant to each other, like a document represented by "Oracle" and "SQL Server"
has an uncertain relevance to a query represented by "Database", the term connection value that represents the term relevance degree
can be determined by fuzzy logic. No-Name ranks the websites and documents according to both thefrequency of keywords occurring
in the text including the heads, titles and bodies with different weights and the relevance level between the keywords according to the
term connection strength. No-Name supports two independent layers, named term layer and location layer. The term layer has a tree
like structure with about 2000 GIS terms to construct GIS thesauri. The location layer has a tree-like structure with about 6 continents
and 100 countries that are considered active in GIS field. Moreover, No-Name has limited power to support nature language input and
Linguistic Analysis. Several experiments were carried out to assess the performance of No-Name and some famous current search
engines. The test results show that No-Name is better than current search engines in three respects: Relevant Sites Retrieval, Irrelevant
Sites Dodge, and Natural Language Identification. The test results also show that No-Name can revise the term connection values by
learning from users' feedback.
INTRODUCTION
Any search engine will fall into one of two categories: for
general purpose or for a special community. A general search
engine is designed for general populations. Their service
covers a wide variety of subjects, and it is the reason why
most of current search engines are now used for general
purpose. Yahoo and AlltheWeb are good examples of General
purpose search engine. However, with width they can not go
depth further. On the contrary, GIS search engine is one
application of the specially designed search engines for one
community. It focuses its service on providing exhaustive GIS
information, and its customers are mainly from GIS
community. Example for GIS search engine is Geo-
Community, founded by GeoComm International Corporation
in 1995.
Generally speaking, GIS search engine can provide better
service than General purpose search engine for GIS
community. By constructing a more compact structure than
General purpose search engine, The GIS search engine can
retrieve more complete, relevant and balanced GIS information
with much lower cost. The work is easier for GIS search
engine to increase its performance by retrieving relevant
information and dodging irrelevant information than that for
General purpose search engine.
However, current GIS search engines like Geo-Community
can improve their performance further by applying fuzzy logic
and text analysis technology. Fuzzy logic can be used to solve
the relevance degree between terms. Current information
retrieval method like Bayesian network model [1] tends to
assume the terms are atom-like and independent, but the
independence assumption is not realistic: Document cannot be
represented by a set of independent terms. Terms are inter
independent in most application areas [2]. For example, a
document represented by "Oracle" and "SQL Server" is usually
relevant to a query represented by "Database" to some extent.
The thesaurus Wordnet [3] simplify the term relevance
relations by dividing them into several types. Table 1 shows
the types of relations. In fact, the relevance degree of every
term pair is different form each other and the simplification will
impair the relationship between the query and documents. For
a small size thesaurus, like a GIS thesaurus containing about
2000 keywords, it is possible to construct a term relevance
factor table to quantify the relevance degree of every term-
pair. In practice, the term relevance factor table can be first
set by experts in GIS fields and then adjusted by the feedback
from users.
relation
example
synonymy
computer - data processor
antonymy
big - small
hyponymy
tree - maple
(is a)
hypemymy
maple - tree
( a kind of)
meronymy
computer - processor
( is part of )
holonymy
processor - computer
( has a )
Table 1: Some relations offered by Wordnet
Most of current search engines classify the website by
analyzing the heads and titles. Text analysis technology can
be used to analyze the whole text of a web page. The concept
of text analysis technology was first introduced by IBM in 1999
and was applied in IBM Text Search Engine. By recording the
frequency of keywords occurring in the text and rendering
weight when the keywords occurring at the heads and titles,
search engine applying text analysis technology can rank the
website according to the correlation level to the keywords

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