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The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

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fullscreen: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856566209

Author:: Chen, Jun

Title:: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Sub title:: May 23 - 25, 2001, Bangkok, Thailand

Scope:: VI, 434 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2001

Place of publication:: Pathumthani, Thailand

Publisher of the original:: AIT

Identifier (digital):: 856566209

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: PROXIMITY AND ACCESSIBILITY TO SUITABLE JOBS AMONG WORKERS OF VARIOUS WAGE GROUPS. Fahui WANG

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Contents

Table of contents

The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics
Cover
ColorChart
Title page
PREFACE
Conference Venue
CONTENTS
DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS AND AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION OF URBAN BUILDING CLUSTER. Tinghua AI
GENERALIZATION FOR 3D GIS. Fengwen BAI, Xiaoyong CHEN
USING IKONOS HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND USE CLASSIFICATION IN CHINA. Georg BARETH
LARGE SCALE GIS FOR A SUBURBAN TOWNSHIP OF BEIJING TO MODEL STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ON FIELD LEVEL. Georg BARETH, Si JIN, Tailai YAN and Reiner DOLUSCHITZ
THREE LEVEL HIERARCHICAL QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS FOR DIRECTIONS OF SPATIAL OBJECTS. Han CAO, Jun CHEN, Daosheng Du
THE APPLICATION OF CENTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF THE INTRA-URBAN MIGRATORY PHENOMENON IN THE GREATER MONCTON AREA IN CANADA, 1981-1996. Huhua CAO
PER-FIELD CLASSIFICATION INTEGRATING VERY FINE SPATIAL RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY WITH TOPOGRAPHIC DATA. Mauro CAPRIOLI, Eufemia TARANTINO
INTEGRATION OF GIS WITH PESTICIDES LOSSES RUNOFF MODEL. Bing CHEN, Gordon HUANG, Jonathan LI, Yueren LI, and Yifan LI
RESEARCH ON 3D CITY VISUALIZATION BASED ON INTERNET. Jing CHEN, Qingquan Ll, Jianya GONG, Bisheng YANG
DYNAMIC AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GIS: AN OVERVIEW. Jun CHEN, Zhilin LI, Jie JIANG
A GIS-SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PETROLEUM WASTE CONTAMINATED SITE. Su Chen, Gordon Huang, and Jonathan Li
MEASURING UNCERTAINTY IN SPATIAL FEATURES IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. Chui Kwan CHEUNG and Wenzhong SHI
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF LARGE CITY BASED ON GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS. Anrong DANG, Qizhi MAO, Xiaodong WANG
DIGITAL CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR LAND FEATURE PRESENTATION. Gang DENG
3D SPATIAL OBJECTS MODELING AND VISUALIZATION BASED ON LASER LANGE DATA. Jie DU, Apisit EIUMNOH, Xiaoyang CHEN, Michiro KUSANAGI
3D REPRESENTATION AND SIMULATION OF MINING SUBSIDING LAND BASED ON GIS, DPS AND GPS. Peijun DU, Dazhi GUO and Qihao WENG
USE DSM/DTM TO SUPPORT CHANGE DETECTION OF BUILDING IN URBAN AREA. Hong FAN, Jianqing ZHANG, Zuxun ZHANG, Zhifang LIU
ENHANCE MANAGEMENT LEVEL OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT WITH 3S TECHNOLOGY. Yewen FAN and Wei WANG
AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF SATELLITE IMAGE TO MAP. Kensaku FUJII
DIFFERENTIAL SATELLITE POSITIONING OVER INTERNET. Ying. GAO and Zhi. LIU
FEDERATED SPATIAL DATABASES AND INTEROPERABILITY. Jianya GONG, Yandong WANG
OPTIMIZING PATH FINDING IN VEHICLE NAVIGATION CONSIDERING TURN PENALTIES AND PROHIBITIONS. Gang HAN, Jie JANG, Jun CHEN
DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT SPATIAL-TEMPORAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND APPLICATION FOR CENSUS DATA- TOWARD ASIAN SPATIAL TEMPORAL GIS (ST-GIS) (2)-. Michinori HATAYAMA, Shigeru KAKUMOTO, Hiroyuki KAMEDA
MODELING LAND USE EFFECT ON URBAN STORM RUNOFF AT THE WATERSHED SCALE. Chansheng HE
EXTRACTION OF THE SEA OIL INFORMATION FROM TM AND AVHRR IMAGE BY THE METHOD OF FEATURE DATA LINE -WINDOW. Fengrong HUANG
THE APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK AND FUZZY SET TO CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY. Dongmin HUO, Jingxiong ZHANG, Jiabing SUN
A SELF-ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM OF AUTOMATIC INTERIOR ORIENTATION FOR METRIC IMAGES. Wanshou JIANG, Guo ZHANG, Deren LI
DETECTION OF SHEER CHANGES IN AERIAL PHOTO IMAGES USING AN ADAPTIVE NONLINEAR MAPPING. Yukio KOSUGI, Munenori FUKUNISHI, Mitsuteru SAKAMATO, Wei LU and Takeshi DOIHARA
EFFECTIVENESS OF MENU-DRIVEN VS. SCRIPT-BASED GIS TUTORIAL SYSTEMS. Bin LI
BUILDING OF B/S-BASED OBJECT ORIENTED ELECTRONIC CHART DATABASE. Guangru LI, Shaopeng SUN, Depeng ZHAO
MINE GIS 3D DATA MODEL AND SOME THINKING. Q. Y. LI, D. Y. CAO, X. D. ZHU
THE RESEARCH OF THE INFINITELY VARIABLE MAP SCALE IN GIS. Yifan LI, Shaopeng SUN
RESEARCH ON INFORMATION AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION WITH VARYING MAP SCALE. Yuanhui LI, Dan LIU, Yifan LI
QUANTITATIVE MEASURES FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION OF MAPS. Zhilin LI and Peizhi HUANG
AN ALGEBRA FOR SPATIAL RELATIONS. Zhilin LI, Renliang ZHAO and Jun CHEN
A STUDY ON THE EXTRACTION OF DEM FROM SINGLE SAR IMAGE. Mingsheng LIAO, Jie YANG, Hui LIN
A GIS-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE ERHAI LAKE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT. Lei LIU, Gordon HUANG, and Jonathan LI
APPLICATION OF 4D AND ASSOCIATED ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM. Rong LIU, Penggen CHENG, Zhuguo XING, Kaiyun LU
3D RECONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING FROM SINGLE IMAGE. Yawen LIU, Zuxun ZHANG, Jianqing ZHANG
AN INTELLIGENT GIS SEARCH ENGINE TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FROM INTERNET. Zhe LIU, Yong GAO
AN ENHANCED TIN GENERATION METHOD FOR USING CONTOUR LINE AS CONSTRAINS. Wei LU, Takeshi DOIHARA
NON-LINEAR RECTIFICATION OF MAP WITH COLLINEAR CONSTRAIN. Wei LU, Takeshi DOIHARA
A STUDY ON VEHICLE POINT CORRECTING ALGORITHM IN GPS/AVL SYSTEMS. HongShan NIU, Jie XU, Hong LI
A SPATIO-TEMPORAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON IMPLICIT TOPOLOGY DESCRIPTION: STIMS. Yutaka OHSAWA, Atushi NAGASHIMA
APPLICATION OF VRML IN A DYNAMIC AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL HARBOR. Mingyang PAN, Yifan LI, Depeng ZHAO
A COMMON DATA MODEL AND REQUESTING LANGUAGE FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION MARKETPLACES. Matthew Y. C. PANG, Wenzhong SHI, Geoffrey SHEA
TOPOLOGIC DATA STRUCTURE FOR A 3D GIS. Mattias Pfund
AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION AND LOCATION OF ROAD SIGNS FROM TERRESTERIAL COLOR IMAGERY. Sompoch PUNTAVUNGKOUR, Xiaoyang CHEN, Michiro KUSANAGI
A NEW STEREO MATCHING APPROACH USING EDGES AND NONLINEAR MATCHING PROCESS OBJECTED FOR URBAN AREA. Mitsuteru SAKAMOTO, Wei LU, Pingtao WANG
MINING SEQUENTIAL PATTERN FROM GEOSPATIAL DATA. Yin SHAN
THE ADVANCED GIS AND GPS TECHNOLOGIES TO BE USED IN THE LANCHANG BASIN AREA OF YUNNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA. Kun SHI
PRIMARY SPATIAL CHANGES. Hong SHU, Christopher GOLD and Jun CHEN
INCORPORATING 3D GEO-OBJECTS INTO AN EXISTING 2D GEO-DATABASE: AN EFFICIENT USE OF GEO-DATA. Jantien STOTER, Peter VAN OOSTEROM
A FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CHANGE DETECTION SYSTEM. Haigang SUI, Deren LI, Jianya GONG
BUILDING DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR OCEAN TRANSPORTATION (GIS-OT). Shaopeng SUN, Guangru LI, Depeng ZHAO
COMPUTATION OF ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPH AND LASER DATA. Taravudh TIPDECHO & Xiaoyong CHEN
PROXIMITY AND ACCESSIBILITY TO SUITABLE JOBS AMONG WORKERS OF VARIOUS WAGE GROUPS. Fahui WANG
WEB MAPPING WITH GEOGRAPHY MARKUP LANGUAGE. Xingling WANG, Chongjun YANG, Donglin LIU
INTEGRATION OF COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT METHODS USING FUZZY MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING : A NEW APPROACH FOR COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT IN SHAPE BASED REDISTRICTING ALGORITHM. Yinchai WANG
GIS-BASED SYSTEM FOR RAINFALL ESTIMATION USING RAINGAUGE DATA: A PROTOTYPE. Yinchai WANG, Teck Kiong SIEW
A NEW APPROACH FOR DISTRIBUTED GIS. Yuxiang WANG, Chongjun YANG, Donglin LIU
GEOD2D: A FLEXIBLE SOLUTION FOR GIS DATA EXCHANGE BASED ON COM. Huayi WU, Xinyan ZHU
GEOLOGICAL DATA ORGANIZATION FOR FEM BASED ON 3D GEOSCIENCE MODELING. Lixin WU, Enke HOU, Chunan TANG
DIGITAL MODEL AND GPS BASED PATH REPRESENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION. Linyuan XIA
AN COMPOSITE TEMPORAL DATA MODEL IN CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. Changsheng XUE, Qingquan LI, and Bisheng YANG, Yuanchun HUA, Shiwu XU
A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA MODEL FOR MOVING AREA PHENOMENA. Shanzhen Yl, Yong ZHONG, Lizhu ZHOU, Jun CHEN, Qilun LIU
CONSTRUCTION OF 3D MODELS FOR ELEVATED OBJECTS IN URBAN AREAS USING AIRBORNE SAR POLARIMETRIC DATA. Yalkun YUSUF, Masashl MATSUOKA, Fumio YAMAZAKI, Seiho URATSUKA, Tatsuharu KOBAYASHI, Makoto SATAKE
COASTAL GIS: FUNCTIONALITY VERSUS APPLICATIONS. Thomas Q ZENG, Qiming ZHOU, Peter COWELL and Haijun HUANG
CIS AIDED CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN SOUTHERN THAILAND. Jianjun ZHANG, Xiaoyong CHEN, Preeda PARKPIAN, Monthip Sriratana TABUCANON, Janewit WONGSANOON, Kensuke FUKUSHI, Skorn MONGKOLSUK and N.C.THANH
MULTIRESOLUTION TERRIAN MODEL. Jin ZHANG
A TROUS WAVELET DECOMPOSITION APPLIED TO DETECTING IMAGE EDGE. Xiaodong ZHANG, Deren LI
RESEARCH OF THE LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON WEB GIS AND SPATIAL DATABASES FOR PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN CHINA. Junsan ZHAO, Yaolong ZHAO, Qiaogui ZHAO and Tao WEI
ANALYSING BRANCH BANK CLOSURES USING GIS AND THE SMART MODEL. Lihua ZHAO, Barry J. GARMER
QTM-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE GENERATING OF VORONOI DIAGRAM FOR SPHERICAL OBJECTS. Xuesheng ZHAO, Jun CHEN
MODELING AND LANDSCAPE OF HIGHWAY CAD. Jiaqing ZHENG, Xi’an ZHAO, Chujiang CHEN
ASSISTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE FOR PREDICTIVE MAPPING USING A FUZZY C-MEANS CLASSIFICATION. A-Xing ZHU, Edward ENGLISH
THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CYBERCITY GIS (CCGIS). Qing ZHU, Deren LI, Yeting ZHANG, Hanjiang XIONG
3D COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE TIMBER BUILDINGS. Yixuan ZHU, Jie YANG, Deren LI
3D MODELLING FOR AUGMENTED REALITY. Siyka ZLATANOVA
THE DESIGN OF SPATIAL DATA WAREHOUSE. Yijiang ZOU
AUTHOR INDEX
Cover

Full text

ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, “Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS”. Bangkok, Mav 23-25. 2001 
is defined as the central contiguous urbanized area. This 
leaves out only a small piece of urbanized area in the 
southeast corner of Medina County, which is fairly 
independent based on its commuting pattern. The 
contiguous urbanized area includes 882 TAZs, accounting 
for 89.3% of the population, 88.8% of resident workers and 
92.6% jobs in the five-county region in 1990. 
MEASURING JOB PROXIMITY 
An index of job proximity is proposed to measure the spatial 
separation between a worker’s residence and all suitable 
jobs for him/her. Two points are critical for the index design. 
One is the emphasis of physical distance (in contrast to 
behavioral distance) between workers and jobs without 
consideration of other socioeconomic barriers. This index 
intends to capture the essence of traditional perception of 
locational advantage. The other is the concept of suitable 
jobs. For instance, a job opening of computer specialist is 
meaningless to one without appropriate education 
background. Identifying suitable jobs for workers is a 
challenging task. One approach is the so-called occupation- 
industry (O-l) methodology used by researchers to identify 
entry-level jobs for the welfare-to-work transition (e.g., Sen 
et al., 1999; Leete et al., 2000; Sawicki and Moody, 2000). 
The other approach is based on wage (e.g., Shen, 1998; 
Immergluck, 1998). The O-l method requires extensive 
detailed data such as jobs in each occupational category by 
industry. For instance, Sen et al. (1999) use over 150 
occupations across all industries for identifying entry-level 
jobs. Such information is not available in the CTPP data. 
This research adopts the wage-based approach and 
considers jobs within the same wage group of workers as 
the suitable ones. 
(1) Basic Model 
Among all suitable jobs for a resident worker, a job nearby is 
more likely to be taken than a remote one. Similar to the 
rationale of Huff’s (1963) model, the probability or the portion 
of resident workers at a TAZ i taking jobs at a TAZ j (P M ) is 
determined by the influence of jobs at j among the influences 
of all jobs at various locations: 
J .Id ? 
p _ J U 
k-l 
where J is the number of suitable jobs in a TAZ, p is the 
distance friction 1 , and n the total number of TAZs. Since our 
interest is the physical distance between residents and jobs, 
d is the straight-line aerial distance between two TAZs. 
Job proximity for TAZ i (Dj) is defined as the average of 
distances between this TAZ (as origin) and all job sites (as 
destinations) weighted by Pij: 
7=1 
Adding a superscript g to index jobs of a particular wage 
group (J 9 ) and rearranging the above equation, it can be 
written as 
' Like any gravity-based model, it is important to 
determine the distance friction 0. A regression on the CTPP 
journey-to-work data yields 0=0.7422, based on a simple 
model such as T- tj — aW ; J ■d¡j ^ , where T is the number 
of commuters between residence location i with Wj workers 
and job location j with J, jobs. 
D; =- 
1 
7=1 
jKd~ ß 
J ‘J 
(1) 
Equation (1) computes the proximity to jobs of wage group g 
for workers of the same wage group. The larger the value of 
D, the farther the resident workers are located away from 
their suitable jobs, thus a less advantaged location. 
(2) Illustrative Cases 
A special case is used to help interpret the index. When 0=1, 
and denoting the total number of jobs in the study area as N, 
equation (1) can be rearranged as 
Df 1 =(J ] /N)d- l + U 2 fN)d7 2 l +...-k(J n IN)dr n [ . (2) 
The inverse of distance, a gravity kernel, is used as a scalar 
factor for jobs (i.e., a close job is more influential than a 
remote one). Therefore, the inverse of job proximity at i (i.e., 
aggregated influences of all jobs on i) is the average of 
influences of individual job sites weighted by the number of 
jobs there. 
Why do not we simply define job proximity as the average of 
distances weighted by the number of jobs from resident 
workers? In other words, 
D; = Ui / N)d n + {J 2 I N)d i2 +... + (J„ / N)d in . (3) 
We use a simplified example to explain the difference. In 
Figure 2, two job sites I and II are 102 km apart and each 
has 10 suitable jobs. A resident worker A is 100 km from site 
I and just 2 km from site II. A resident worker B are located 
in the middle with 51 km from each job site. We would 
expect worker A to enjoy a better job proximity than worker B 
since job site II is just 2 km away. However, equation (3) 
would yield the same job proximity for both workers (51). 
Equation (2) confirms our expectation with a far better job 
proximity for worker A (3.92) than that for worker B (51), 
confirming the expectation. A close job is weighted more 
than a remote one in equation (2) whereas equation (3) does 
not distinguish them. 
(3) Overall Job Proximity 
For this research, we segment the workers or jobs into five 
wage groups. See Table 1. The wage groups are designed 
to allow a reasonable wide range for defining suitable jobs 
for workers in each group. 
Table 1. Number of Workers in Five Wage Groups 
(Cleveland, 1990) 
Group 
Name 
Wage 
Range 
No. 
Workers 
Percentage 
1 
Low wage 
less than 
$10,000 
215,542 
23.40 
II 
Lower- 
medium 
wage 
$10,000- 
20,000 
239,468 
26.00 
III 
Medium 
wage 
$20,000- 
30,000 
190,220 
20.65 
IV 
Upper- 
medium 
wage 
$30,000- 
50,000 
196,966 
21.39 
V 
High wage 
more than 
$50,000 
78,799 
8.56 
A TAZ is usually composed of workers of various wage 
groups. The overall (total) job proximity at a TAZ i 
291

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