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The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

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fullscreen: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856566209

Author:: Chen, Jun

Title:: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Sub title:: May 23 - 25, 2001, Bangkok, Thailand

Scope:: VI, 434 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2001

Place of publication:: Pathumthani, Thailand

Publisher of the original:: AIT

Identifier (digital):: 856566209

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: INTEGRATION OF COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT METHODS USING FUZZY MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING : A NEW APPROACH FOR COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT IN SHAPE BASED REDISTRICTING ALGORITHM. Yinchai WANG

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Contents

Table of contents

The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics
Cover
ColorChart
Title page
PREFACE
Conference Venue
CONTENTS
DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS AND AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION OF URBAN BUILDING CLUSTER. Tinghua AI
GENERALIZATION FOR 3D GIS. Fengwen BAI, Xiaoyong CHEN
USING IKONOS HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LAND USE CLASSIFICATION IN CHINA. Georg BARETH
LARGE SCALE GIS FOR A SUBURBAN TOWNSHIP OF BEIJING TO MODEL STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ON FIELD LEVEL. Georg BARETH, Si JIN, Tailai YAN and Reiner DOLUSCHITZ
THREE LEVEL HIERARCHICAL QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS FOR DIRECTIONS OF SPATIAL OBJECTS. Han CAO, Jun CHEN, Daosheng Du
THE APPLICATION OF CENTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF THE INTRA-URBAN MIGRATORY PHENOMENON IN THE GREATER MONCTON AREA IN CANADA, 1981-1996. Huhua CAO
PER-FIELD CLASSIFICATION INTEGRATING VERY FINE SPATIAL RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY WITH TOPOGRAPHIC DATA. Mauro CAPRIOLI, Eufemia TARANTINO
INTEGRATION OF GIS WITH PESTICIDES LOSSES RUNOFF MODEL. Bing CHEN, Gordon HUANG, Jonathan LI, Yueren LI, and Yifan LI
RESEARCH ON 3D CITY VISUALIZATION BASED ON INTERNET. Jing CHEN, Qingquan Ll, Jianya GONG, Bisheng YANG
DYNAMIC AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GIS: AN OVERVIEW. Jun CHEN, Zhilin LI, Jie JIANG
A GIS-SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PETROLEUM WASTE CONTAMINATED SITE. Su Chen, Gordon Huang, and Jonathan Li
MEASURING UNCERTAINTY IN SPATIAL FEATURES IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. Chui Kwan CHEUNG and Wenzhong SHI
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF LARGE CITY BASED ON GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS. Anrong DANG, Qizhi MAO, Xiaodong WANG
DIGITAL CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR LAND FEATURE PRESENTATION. Gang DENG
3D SPATIAL OBJECTS MODELING AND VISUALIZATION BASED ON LASER LANGE DATA. Jie DU, Apisit EIUMNOH, Xiaoyang CHEN, Michiro KUSANAGI
3D REPRESENTATION AND SIMULATION OF MINING SUBSIDING LAND BASED ON GIS, DPS AND GPS. Peijun DU, Dazhi GUO and Qihao WENG
USE DSM/DTM TO SUPPORT CHANGE DETECTION OF BUILDING IN URBAN AREA. Hong FAN, Jianqing ZHANG, Zuxun ZHANG, Zhifang LIU
ENHANCE MANAGEMENT LEVEL OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT WITH 3S TECHNOLOGY. Yewen FAN and Wei WANG
AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF SATELLITE IMAGE TO MAP. Kensaku FUJII
DIFFERENTIAL SATELLITE POSITIONING OVER INTERNET. Ying. GAO and Zhi. LIU
FEDERATED SPATIAL DATABASES AND INTEROPERABILITY. Jianya GONG, Yandong WANG
OPTIMIZING PATH FINDING IN VEHICLE NAVIGATION CONSIDERING TURN PENALTIES AND PROHIBITIONS. Gang HAN, Jie JANG, Jun CHEN
DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT SPATIAL-TEMPORAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND APPLICATION FOR CENSUS DATA- TOWARD ASIAN SPATIAL TEMPORAL GIS (ST-GIS) (2)-. Michinori HATAYAMA, Shigeru KAKUMOTO, Hiroyuki KAMEDA
MODELING LAND USE EFFECT ON URBAN STORM RUNOFF AT THE WATERSHED SCALE. Chansheng HE
EXTRACTION OF THE SEA OIL INFORMATION FROM TM AND AVHRR IMAGE BY THE METHOD OF FEATURE DATA LINE -WINDOW. Fengrong HUANG
THE APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK AND FUZZY SET TO CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY. Dongmin HUO, Jingxiong ZHANG, Jiabing SUN
A SELF-ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM OF AUTOMATIC INTERIOR ORIENTATION FOR METRIC IMAGES. Wanshou JIANG, Guo ZHANG, Deren LI
DETECTION OF SHEER CHANGES IN AERIAL PHOTO IMAGES USING AN ADAPTIVE NONLINEAR MAPPING. Yukio KOSUGI, Munenori FUKUNISHI, Mitsuteru SAKAMATO, Wei LU and Takeshi DOIHARA
EFFECTIVENESS OF MENU-DRIVEN VS. SCRIPT-BASED GIS TUTORIAL SYSTEMS. Bin LI
BUILDING OF B/S-BASED OBJECT ORIENTED ELECTRONIC CHART DATABASE. Guangru LI, Shaopeng SUN, Depeng ZHAO
MINE GIS 3D DATA MODEL AND SOME THINKING. Q. Y. LI, D. Y. CAO, X. D. ZHU
THE RESEARCH OF THE INFINITELY VARIABLE MAP SCALE IN GIS. Yifan LI, Shaopeng SUN
RESEARCH ON INFORMATION AUTOMATIC GENERALIZATION WITH VARYING MAP SCALE. Yuanhui LI, Dan LIU, Yifan LI
QUANTITATIVE MEASURES FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION OF MAPS. Zhilin LI and Peizhi HUANG
AN ALGEBRA FOR SPATIAL RELATIONS. Zhilin LI, Renliang ZHAO and Jun CHEN
A STUDY ON THE EXTRACTION OF DEM FROM SINGLE SAR IMAGE. Mingsheng LIAO, Jie YANG, Hui LIN
A GIS-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE ERHAI LAKE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT. Lei LIU, Gordon HUANG, and Jonathan LI
APPLICATION OF 4D AND ASSOCIATED ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM. Rong LIU, Penggen CHENG, Zhuguo XING, Kaiyun LU
3D RECONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING FROM SINGLE IMAGE. Yawen LIU, Zuxun ZHANG, Jianqing ZHANG
AN INTELLIGENT GIS SEARCH ENGINE TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FROM INTERNET. Zhe LIU, Yong GAO
AN ENHANCED TIN GENERATION METHOD FOR USING CONTOUR LINE AS CONSTRAINS. Wei LU, Takeshi DOIHARA
NON-LINEAR RECTIFICATION OF MAP WITH COLLINEAR CONSTRAIN. Wei LU, Takeshi DOIHARA
A STUDY ON VEHICLE POINT CORRECTING ALGORITHM IN GPS/AVL SYSTEMS. HongShan NIU, Jie XU, Hong LI
A SPATIO-TEMPORAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON IMPLICIT TOPOLOGY DESCRIPTION: STIMS. Yutaka OHSAWA, Atushi NAGASHIMA
APPLICATION OF VRML IN A DYNAMIC AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL HARBOR. Mingyang PAN, Yifan LI, Depeng ZHAO
A COMMON DATA MODEL AND REQUESTING LANGUAGE FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION MARKETPLACES. Matthew Y. C. PANG, Wenzhong SHI, Geoffrey SHEA
TOPOLOGIC DATA STRUCTURE FOR A 3D GIS. Mattias Pfund
AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION AND LOCATION OF ROAD SIGNS FROM TERRESTERIAL COLOR IMAGERY. Sompoch PUNTAVUNGKOUR, Xiaoyang CHEN, Michiro KUSANAGI
A NEW STEREO MATCHING APPROACH USING EDGES AND NONLINEAR MATCHING PROCESS OBJECTED FOR URBAN AREA. Mitsuteru SAKAMOTO, Wei LU, Pingtao WANG
MINING SEQUENTIAL PATTERN FROM GEOSPATIAL DATA. Yin SHAN
THE ADVANCED GIS AND GPS TECHNOLOGIES TO BE USED IN THE LANCHANG BASIN AREA OF YUNNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA. Kun SHI
PRIMARY SPATIAL CHANGES. Hong SHU, Christopher GOLD and Jun CHEN
INCORPORATING 3D GEO-OBJECTS INTO AN EXISTING 2D GEO-DATABASE: AN EFFICIENT USE OF GEO-DATA. Jantien STOTER, Peter VAN OOSTEROM
A FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CHANGE DETECTION SYSTEM. Haigang SUI, Deren LI, Jianya GONG
BUILDING DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR OCEAN TRANSPORTATION (GIS-OT). Shaopeng SUN, Guangru LI, Depeng ZHAO
COMPUTATION OF ACCURACY ASSESSMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAPH AND LASER DATA. Taravudh TIPDECHO & Xiaoyong CHEN
PROXIMITY AND ACCESSIBILITY TO SUITABLE JOBS AMONG WORKERS OF VARIOUS WAGE GROUPS. Fahui WANG
WEB MAPPING WITH GEOGRAPHY MARKUP LANGUAGE. Xingling WANG, Chongjun YANG, Donglin LIU
INTEGRATION OF COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT METHODS USING FUZZY MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING : A NEW APPROACH FOR COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT IN SHAPE BASED REDISTRICTING ALGORITHM. Yinchai WANG
GIS-BASED SYSTEM FOR RAINFALL ESTIMATION USING RAINGAUGE DATA: A PROTOTYPE. Yinchai WANG, Teck Kiong SIEW
A NEW APPROACH FOR DISTRIBUTED GIS. Yuxiang WANG, Chongjun YANG, Donglin LIU
GEOD2D: A FLEXIBLE SOLUTION FOR GIS DATA EXCHANGE BASED ON COM. Huayi WU, Xinyan ZHU
GEOLOGICAL DATA ORGANIZATION FOR FEM BASED ON 3D GEOSCIENCE MODELING. Lixin WU, Enke HOU, Chunan TANG
DIGITAL MODEL AND GPS BASED PATH REPRESENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION. Linyuan XIA
AN COMPOSITE TEMPORAL DATA MODEL IN CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. Changsheng XUE, Qingquan LI, and Bisheng YANG, Yuanchun HUA, Shiwu XU
A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA MODEL FOR MOVING AREA PHENOMENA. Shanzhen Yl, Yong ZHONG, Lizhu ZHOU, Jun CHEN, Qilun LIU
CONSTRUCTION OF 3D MODELS FOR ELEVATED OBJECTS IN URBAN AREAS USING AIRBORNE SAR POLARIMETRIC DATA. Yalkun YUSUF, Masashl MATSUOKA, Fumio YAMAZAKI, Seiho URATSUKA, Tatsuharu KOBAYASHI, Makoto SATAKE
COASTAL GIS: FUNCTIONALITY VERSUS APPLICATIONS. Thomas Q ZENG, Qiming ZHOU, Peter COWELL and Haijun HUANG
CIS AIDED CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN SOUTHERN THAILAND. Jianjun ZHANG, Xiaoyong CHEN, Preeda PARKPIAN, Monthip Sriratana TABUCANON, Janewit WONGSANOON, Kensuke FUKUSHI, Skorn MONGKOLSUK and N.C.THANH
MULTIRESOLUTION TERRIAN MODEL. Jin ZHANG
A TROUS WAVELET DECOMPOSITION APPLIED TO DETECTING IMAGE EDGE. Xiaodong ZHANG, Deren LI
RESEARCH OF THE LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON WEB GIS AND SPATIAL DATABASES FOR PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN CHINA. Junsan ZHAO, Yaolong ZHAO, Qiaogui ZHAO and Tao WEI
ANALYSING BRANCH BANK CLOSURES USING GIS AND THE SMART MODEL. Lihua ZHAO, Barry J. GARMER
QTM-BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE GENERATING OF VORONOI DIAGRAM FOR SPHERICAL OBJECTS. Xuesheng ZHAO, Jun CHEN
MODELING AND LANDSCAPE OF HIGHWAY CAD. Jiaqing ZHENG, Xi’an ZHAO, Chujiang CHEN
ASSISTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE FOR PREDICTIVE MAPPING USING A FUZZY C-MEANS CLASSIFICATION. A-Xing ZHU, Edward ENGLISH
THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CYBERCITY GIS (CCGIS). Qing ZHU, Deren LI, Yeting ZHANG, Hanjiang XIONG
3D COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE TIMBER BUILDINGS. Yixuan ZHU, Jie YANG, Deren LI
3D MODELLING FOR AUGMENTED REALITY. Siyka ZLATANOVA
THE DESIGN OF SPATIAL DATA WAREHOUSE. Yijiang ZOU
AUTHOR INDEX
Cover

Full text

ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, “Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS", Bangkok, May 23-25, 2001 
305 
permit at imprecision and partial occurrence, which is not 
compatible with actual decision making process. Frequently, 
decision making in spatial assessment involves uncertainty due 
to incompleteness of the data acquired and the variety of 
evaluation tools used to gather data. In addition, numerical 
measurements in compactness measurements give uncertain 
and vague value for accurate assessment of district 
compactness and continuity. Altman’s axiomatic assessment on 
most of the compactness measurements show that existing 
compactness measurement do not accurately assess compact 
district shape. 
non-spatial data, their relationship and dependency 
The domain and task of the proposed model is at enhancing the 
decision support system in maintaining the compactness and 
continuity of the shape based redistricting to produce the optimal 
compact district plan. Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making 
(FMCDM) will be used to enhance this component of the model. 
GIS analysis tools is used as an important supportive tools for 
this model because of its capability to due with relationships of 
spatial and non-spatial data. Besides, it also provides numerous 
ready-to-use functions for a shape based redistricting. 
There is a lot of redistricting techniques but still does not give an 
ideal district plan in term of geographical aspect. Redistricting 
cannot run away from compactness and continuity. Many 
redistricting problems suffered for the spatial context problem. 
However, there is no incorporation of compactness 
measurement to redistricting techniques to get optimal compact 
district. The complexity of the data structures and the data 
volumes are the also common problems to be solved in 
redistricting arena. Due to the complexity of the data structure, 
there is an insufficiency in collecting relevant data. For instance, 
in the political redistricting, there is no single source contains all 
geographical and population data for the United States 
congressional district over the entire period from 1789 through 
1912 [1]. The complexity of data structures needs certain kind of 
solution that is able to assign and cope with different kind of 
behavior like the spatial and non-spatial behavior, consider their 
relationships and dependencies in order to ease the 
manipulation of each part. For instances, in order to consider the 
non-spatial behavior in redistricting, there is a necessity to find 
solution where it is possible to store, manipulate, visualize, and 
relate data especially for other spatial behavior. It is certainly 
that redistricting will not be done by only single type of data. 
Therefore, the relationship between data and behavior plays an 
important role. 
3. COMPACTNESS MEASUREMENT INDEXING USING 
FUZZY MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING 
3.1 The Design and Model 
The following subsections describe the proposed design model 
for the shape based redistricting based on the requirement 
mentioned as shown in Figure 1.0. The components of the 
proposed integrated model are Application Independent Data 
Store (AID), Application Dependent Data Store (ADD), Shape 
Optimal Rules (SOR), Data Preparation Module (DPM), Fuzzy 
Multi Criteria Decisions Making (FMCDM), Combine Optimal 
District Module (COD) and stages of decision making. 
AID 
DPM 
ADD 
SOR 
FMCDM 
». s, 
& 
». s. 
COD 
AID -Application Independent Data. Store 
ADD - Application Dependent Data Stcee 
SOR— Shape Optimal Rules 
DPM - Data Preparation Module 
FMCDM - Rizay Multi Catena Decision Making Modules 
COD - Cantane Optimal District Module 
Si, Si, Si-Stages of decision malt ing 
Figure 1.0: Integrated Compactness Measurement Using Fuzz 
Multiple Criteria Decision Making 
The proposed system aims to get optimum or compact district, 
which defined as in this research is as regular and contiguous as 
possible and at the same time to use the natural boundaries 
where possible in the district line. The main significance is to 
ease the control of a space. For example, with regular and 
continuous districts, governors face less difficulty in ruling a 
district or even country in political redistricting. 
In order to solve the problems mentioned, the system design 
must be able to fulfill the requirements as stated below: 
• To produce better or enhanced shape assessment index 
which is more descriptive and able to incorporate with 
natural feelings of district planners or decision makers. 
Natural feelings here may include their confidence and 
their attitude to risk. 
• To cope with fuzziness in the shape assessment index. 
• To integrate multiple compactness measurement method in 
order to gather the strengths of particular method and at 
the same time to reduce or minimize its weaknesses or 
lacks. 
• To incorporate the new index into redistricting process or 
algorithm to generate an optimal compact district. 
• To work and perform in an environment (software or 
hardware interface) that is able to manage the spatial and 
Data Preparation Module (DPM) will used to prepare data in 
triangulated irregular network format to ensure the model can 
work with appropriate datasets. A triangulated irregular network 
is made up of arcs, which define the boundary, and a label point, 
which links the polygon feature to an attribute record. As the 
mother of all polygon partitioning problems is triangulation, the 
interior of all kind of polygons can be completely partitioned into 
triangles [6]. 
3.2 Applying Fuzzy Set Theory for Compactness 
Measurement In the SOR 
Shape Optimal Rules play an important role for the standard of 
the optimality of district shape. This component is related to the 
application independent data because the focus of the research 
is on the geographical aspect. 
Two compactness measurement methods are selected to gather 
the district boundary complexity and district compactness, which 
is Euclidean measure and non-Euclidean measure. More than 
one measurements are used in this research aims to combine 
the strengths of each measurement to the district compactness 
and to reduce their weaknesses by the weighing vector which 
will be incorporated into the enhanced index. The compactness 
measurement index for both of the methods give a gray area 
(undecided) for district planners or decision makers on the 
district shape assessment. Therefore, fuzzy set theory as will be

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