The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Chen, Jun

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856566209

Author:: Chen, Jun

Title:: The 3rd ISPRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS & the 10th Annual Conference of CPGIS on Geoinformatics

Sub title:: May 23 - 25, 2001, Bangkok, Thailand

Scope:: VI, 434 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2001

Place of publication:: Pathumthani, Thailand

Publisher of the original:: AIT

Identifier (digital):: 856566209

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: A GIS-SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PETROLEUM WASTE CONTAMINATED SITE. Su Chen, Gordon Huang, and Jonathan Li

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, “Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS”, Bangkok, May 23-25, 2001 59 is, 27-31 dynamic her (eds.), il-temporal behavioral of the 7 th ling, Delft, geographic f. Dept, of Information and J Jiang /namic and re of China, jdelling with echt, (the geographical Information ategies for gs of 1997, :erpolation of 403-418. A GIS-SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PETROLEUM WASTE CONTAMINATED SITE Su Chen 1 , Gordon Huang 1 , and Jonathan Li 2 1 Environmental System Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2 Tel: (306) 585-5631, Fax: (306) 585-4095, E-mail: {chenllsu, gordon.huang@uregina.ca 2 Department of Geography, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2 Tel: (306) 585-5273, Fax: (306) 585-4815, E-mail: jun.li@uregina.ca KEYWORD: GIS, environmental risk assessment, Monte Carlo, fuzzy set theory. ABSTRACT Responding to an urgent requirement for effective management and environmental assessment of contaminated petroleum sites, this paper presents an environmental risk assessment approach for petroleum-contaminated aquifers due to leakage from underground storage tanks (USTs). It contains two components: environmental risk assessment and geographic information system (GIS). Using the monitoring data and predicted fate of contaminants concentration under different transportation time and different proportion of remediation strategies groundwater transportation model software-kit, the risk assessment model can be effectively incorporated with effects of different contaminants and different remediation techniques within one framework. Extensive uncertainties for a number of modeling inputs in an exposure-dose model are presented as a series of probability distribution function with a variety of forms, and are solved using the classic Monte Carlo simulation method. Data originating from the exposure dose model are sequentially incorporated into a fuzzy risk assessment approach to achieve an integrated risk level for the target location. Results of a case study indicated that plausible solutions for risk assessment under different system conditions have been generated. GIS provides comprehensive database of contaminated site conditions, tools for spatial and customized interface of risk assessment, and visual presentation of modeling results and site natural and spatial characterization. Especially, integration of the risk assessment results with Geospatial information is very helpful for identifying and assessing pollution impacts on specific receptors. A desktop ArcView GIS was used in this study for spatial analysis and Microsoft Excel and Access were used for the spreadsheet and relational database components, respectively. 1. INTRODUCTION Development of the petroleum industry is currently associated with a number of environmental concerns. Among them, severe soil and groundwater contamination phenomenon is attracting more and more attentions from the public, governments, and petroleum industries themselves (Mathews and Donahue 1989). This situation is especially worse in western Canada where involves extremely active petroleum production, processing, upgrading procedure. Showing by the past and recent research, It is recognized that the major sources causing soil and groundwater contamination are coming from leaking storage tanks which are used enormously by commercial, industrial and residential sectors nationwide. In North America, several hundred thousand of USTs that are used for storing petroleum products are leaking (Levy et al., 1990). There are over 70 separate hydrocarbon compounds in regular gasoline (Bruel and Hoag, 1984), and they are mainly compounds of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. The greatest harm caused by a leaking underground storage tank, which holds petroleum or petroleum bi-products, is the contamination of groundwater. Petrochemical compounds that seep down to a groundwater formation will intend to float on top of the water table according to their lighter specific gravity. Also, volatile components can exist in gaseous phase and will escape as fumes or odors. Other components, such as benzene, toluene, and various xylenes (or BTXs), can attach to the soil and exist in adsorbed phase. In addition, some compounds can be in soluble phase contained within the groundwater (Canter et al., 1988). Soil and groundwater contamination can lead to a variety of impacts, risks, and liabilities to the communities and for the industries themselves. The leakage represents an increasing danger to groundwater resources and public health (Testa and Winegardner, 1991; Hayward, 1994). For example, it is proved that one gallon of gasoline can render one million gallons of water unsuitable for drinking needs. Since the nation draws about half of its drinking water from groundwater sources, there is growing concern that leaking underground storage tanks will continue to contaminate many drinking water sources. Exposure to contaminated soil and groundwater can occur through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Very truly, even a small leak into an underground water table can be permanently damaging to the source, since groundwater is unable to naturally recharge and cleanse itself because petroleum and its bi-products float on top of the water. The leakage problem has led to a variety of impacts, risks, and liabilities. In Canada, about 10% of 200,000 underground storage tanks are leaking and contaminating the surrounding environment, causing violent losses of thousands of dollars annually to petroleum industries and stakeholders. It is estimated that rendering all of these abandoned drilling sumps will require a minimum expenditure of 10 billion dollars, what a shock? Therefore, in-depth and effective environmental risk assessment of groundwater contamination due to leaking petroleum contaminants is important and anxiously desired for evaluating the need for site remediation actions and providing support for decisions related to prevention, estimation, and remediation of the leakage and contamination problems (Huang et al., 1999) Since 1970 the field of risk assessment has received widespread attention within both the scientific and regulatory communities and the legal system (Paustenbach, 1999). In recent years, risk assessment techniques have become widely utilized in the decision making process related to contaminated soil and groundwater problem, it could support managers with a more rational and scientific base on which kind of decision should be made. Generally, the formulation of the environmental risk problem captures the entire process of identifying the source term of risk agent, toxicity assessment and exposure assessment and risk characterization. This process involves a number of chemical, physical, biological factors regarding to their direct or indirect relations to the environmental risk problem. The related parameters generally show high degrees of intrinsic variability and substantial levels of uncertainty since many system components in real-world problem many not be known with certainty (Woodbury et al., 1991). This makes the study

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