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Mapping without the sun

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fullscreen: Mapping without the sun

Monograph

Persistent identifier:: 856578517

Author:: Zhang, Jixian

Title:: Mapping without the sun

Sub title:: techniques and applications of optical and SAR imagery fusion ; Chengdu, China, 25 - 27 September 2007

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 352 Seiten)

Year of publication:: 2007

Place of publication:: Lemmer

Publisher of the original:: GITC

Identifier (digital):: 856578517

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language:: English

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Monograph

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: REAL-TIME SAR SIMULATION FOR CHANGE DETECTION APPLICATIONS BASED ON DATA FUSION. Timo Balz

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Mapping without the sun
Cover
ColorChart
Title page
Table of Content
Foreword
Scientific Committee:
Organizing Committee:
DECISION FUSION OF MULTITEMPORAL SAR AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY FOR IMPROVED LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION B. Waske a, J. A. Benediktsson b’*
SYNERGISTIC USE OF OPTICAL AND INSAR DATA FOR URBAN IMPERVIOUS SURFACE MAPPING: A CASE STUDY IN HONG KONG. Liming Jiang, Hui Lin, Mingsheng Liao, Limin Yang
A NOVEL FUSION METHOD OF SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES FOR URBAN OBJECT EXTRACTION. Jia Yonghong, Rick S. Blum,Ma Yunxia
REAL-TIME SAR SIMULATION FOR CHANGE DETECTION APPLICATIONS BASED ON DATA FUSION. Timo Balz
THE OPTIMIZING METHOD OF FUSING SAR WITH OPTICAL IMAGES FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION. Feng Xie, Yingying Chen, Yi Lin
ORTHORECTIFYING SPACEBORNE SAR BY DEM BASED ON FINE REGISTRATION. Hongjian You, Fu Kun
DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED URBAN DISASTER BASED ON INSAR COHERENCE. M. He, X. F. He
MULTI-SCALE SAR LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CO-OCCURRENCE PROBABILITIES. Yu ZENG, Jixian ZHANG, J. L.VAN GENDEREN, Haitao LI
TERRASAR-X AND TANDEM-X: REVOLUTION IN SPACEBORNE RADAR. Ralf Duering
A MULTI-WAVELENGTH IMAGING SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF FOREIGN FIBERS IN COTTON. Lu Dehao
A FUSION ALGORITHM OF HIGH SPATIAL AND SPECTRAL RESOLUTION IMAGES BASED ON ICA. GuoKun Zhang, LeiGuang Wang, Hongyan Zhang
A SUPER RESOLUTION RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM TO MULTI-TEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGES. Pingxiang Li, Jixian Zhang, Huanfeng Shen, Liangpei Zhang
COMPARISON OF MORPHOLOGICAL PYRAMID AND LAPLACIAN PYRAMID TECHNIQUES FOR FUSING DIFFERENT FOCUSING IMAGES. Jia Yonghong, Fu Xiujun, Yu Hongwei
MONITORING AND CHARACTERIZING NATURAL HAZARDS WITH SATELLITE INSAR IMAGERY. Z. Lu
PREDICTION AND SIMULATIONS OF MALAYSIAN FOREST FIRES BY MEANS OF RANDOM SPREAD. Jean Serra, Mohd Dini Hairi Suliman, and Mastura Mahmud
TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION RESEARCH BASED ON LIFTING-BASED DWT 9/7 WAVELET. Hong Zhang, Ning Shu
REMOTE SENSING IMAGE SEGMENTATION BASED SELF-ORGANIZING MAP AT MULTI-SCALE. Zhao Xi-an, Zhang Xue-wen Wei Shi-yan
A JOINT SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CLASSIFICATION AND FEATURE BOUNDARY UPDATING MODEL. P. Caccetta
THE APPLICATION RESEARCH IN ASSISTANT CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGE BY TEXTURE FEATURES COMBINED WITH SPECTRA FEATURES. Y. M. Fang, X. Q. Zuo, Y. J. Yang, J. H. Feng
A KIND OF THE METHODS FOR SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES FUSION BASED ON THE LIFTING WAVELET. Shao Yongshe, Chen Ying, Li Jing
SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL COMBINING OPTICAL AND RADAR DATA DURING SMEX02. Chen Quan, Li Zhen, Tian Bangsen
A TARGET DETECTION METHOD BASED ON SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGE DATA FUSION. Sun Mu-han, Zhou Yin-qing, Xu Hua-ping
FUSION SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES TO DETECT OBJECT-SPECIFIC CHANGES. Mu H. Wang, Hai T. Li, Ji. X Zhang ,Jing H. Yang
APPLICATION OF DINSAR AND GIS FOR UNDERGROUND MINE SUBSIDENCE MONITORING. YAN Ming-xing, MIAO Fang, WANG Bao-cun, QI Xiao-ying
THE DETECTION OF SUBSIDENCE AT PERMANENT FROZEN AREA IN QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU. Z. Li, C. Xie, Q. Chen
RESEARCH ON SURFACE SUBSIDENCE MONITORING WITH INSAR/GPS DATA FUSION IN MINING AREA. ZHANG Ji-chao, SONG Wei-dong, ZHANG Ji-xian, SHI Jin-feng
SEVEN YEARS OF MINING SUBSIDENCE DETECTED BY D-InSAR TECHNIQUE IN FUSHUN CITY, CHINA. Y. L. Chen, X. L. Ding, C. Huang, Z. W. Li
A METHOD ON HIGH-PRECISION RECTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION OF MULTI-SOURCE REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY. Bin Liu, Guo Zhang, Xiaoyong Zhu, Jianya Gong
STUDY ON TIE POINT SELECTION FOR CO-REGISTRATION OF DIFFERENT RESOLUTION IMAGERY. Zhen Xiong, Yun Zhang
THE STUDY OF SPACE INTERSECTION MODEL BASED ON DIFFERENT-SOURCE HIGH RESOLUTION RS IMAGERY. Weixi Wang, Qing Zhu
AN OPTIMIZATION HIGH-PRECISION REGISTRATION METHOD OF MULTI-SOURCE REMOTE SENSING IMAGES. LIN Yi, JIAN Jianfeng , ZHANG Shaoming, XIE Feng
A METHODOLOGY OF LUCC CHANGE DETECTION BASED ON LAND USE SEGMENT. Ning Shu, Hong Zhang, Xue Li, Yan Wang
APPLICATION OF MULTI-TEMPORAL TM (ETM+) IMAGE IN MONITORING MINING ACTIVITIES AND RELATED ENVIRONMENT CHANGES: A CASE STUDY AT DAYE, HUBEI, CHINA. Shiyong YU, Zhihua CHEN, Yanxin WANG
LAND COVER CHANGE AND CLIMATIC VICISSITUDE RESEARCH IN HEADSTREAM REGIONOF YELLOW RIVER IN THE NINETIES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. DAI Ji-guang, YANG Tai-bao, REN Jia-qiang
LAND USE CHANGES IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA IN RECENT 30 YEARS. Sun xiaoxia, Zhang jixian, Liu zhengjun
AUTOMATED VEHICLE INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM ONE PASS OF QUICKBIRD IMAGERY. Zhen Xiong, Yun Zhang
CLASSIFICATION OF LAND TYPES IN MINERAL AREAS BASED ON CART. Wenbo Wu, Yuping Chen, Jiaojiao Meng, Tingjun Kang
OBJECT-ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY BASED ON MRF AND SVM. GU Haiyan, LI Haitao, ZHANG feng, HAN Yanshun, YANG Jinghui
EXTENSIBLE LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK DESIGN BASED ON REMOTELY SENSED DATA. Wang Juanle
THE ROAD EXTRACTION IN THE AREA COVERED WITH HIGH VEGETATION USING THE FUSION IMAGE OF SAR AND TM. Shen Jin-li, Yu Wu-yi, Qi Xiao-ping, Zhang Yi-min
DISCRETE WAVELET-BASED FUSION OF TM MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGE AND SAR IMAGE DATA. Liang Shouzhen, Li Lanyong
FUSING SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES BASED ON COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM. Shuai Xing, Qing Xu
A COMPREHENSIVE QUALITY EVALUATION METHOD OF INFORMATION FUSION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION AIRBORNE SAR AND SPOT5 IMAGES. Wenqing Dong, Qin Yan,
A SIMPLIFIED FUSION METHOD BASED ON SYNTHETIC VARIABLE RATIO. Pang Xinhua, Xi Bin, Chen Luyao, Pan Yaozhong,, Zhuang Wei
A NOVEL IMAGE FUSION METHOD BASED ON 2DPCA IN REMOTE SENSING. Xue-ming Wu, Wu-nian Yang
A METHOD TO DETERMINE SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF REMOTE SENSING FUSED IMAGE QUANTITATIVELY. X. J. Yue, L. Yan, G. M. Huang
A NEW PAN-SHARPENING ALGORITHM AND ITS APPLICATION IN GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES INFORMATION EXTRACTION. ZHU Lijiang
RESEARCH ON THE PROCESS OF LAND USE/COVER CHANGE IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA IN RECENT 30 YEARS. SHAO Huai-Yong, XIAN Wei, LIU Xue-Mei, YANG Wu-Nian
THE STUDY OF LAND USE CHANGE DETECTION BASED ON SOLE PERIOD RS IMAGE. Song Weidong, Wang Jingxue, Qin Yong
ANALYSIS OF THE LAND USE OF SHENYANG MINING DISTRICT AND ITS DRIVING FORCE. Kaixuan Zhang, Wenbo Wu, Chongchang Wang, Tingjun Kang
REMOTE-SENSING IMAGE COMPRESSION BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY. Chao Mu, Qin Yan, Jie Yu, Huiling Qin
MATRIX DECOMPOSITION AND MATRIX SOLVERS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY. Cheng Chunquan, Deng Kazhong, Zhang Jixian, YanQin
INVESTIGATING SEVERAL POINT CLOUD REGISTRATION MOTHEDS. Luo Dean, Zhou Keqin, Huang Jizhong
THE ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF ORTHORECTIFIED ASTER IMAGE. Li Baipeng, Yan Qin, Chen Chunquan
EPIPOLAR RESAMPLING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SATELLITE IMAGERY. Jiaying Liu, Guo Zhang, Deren Li
REFINEMENT AND EVALUATION OF BEIJING-1 ORTHORECTIFICATION BASED ON RFM. Jianming Gong, Xiaomei Yang, Chenghu Zhou, Xiaoyu Sun, Cunjin Xue
LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION BY IMPROVED FUZZY C-MEAN CLASSIFIER. ZHAO Quan-hua, SONG Wei-dong, Bao Yong
RESEARCH ON GRIDDING PROCESSING STRATEGIES OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGE SEGMENTATION BY REGION GROWTH. ZHU Hong-chun, ZHANG Ji-xian, LI Hai-tao, YANG Jing-hui, LIU Hai-ying
TEXTURE ANALYSIS IN INFORMATION EXTRACT IN THE HIGH RESOLUTION RS IMAGES LU Shuqiang
THE STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGE INFORMATION EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES BASED ON KNOWLEDGE. Wenbo Wu, Jiaojiao Meng, Yuping Chen, Jing Chen
A NEW METHOD OF SIMULATION OF INTERFEROGRAM IMAGE FOR REPEAT-PASS SAR SYSTEM. Jianmin Zhou, Zhen Li, Xinwu Li, Chou Xie
COMPARISON AND IMPROVEMENT OF POSITION METHODS OF AIRBORNE STEREO SAR IMAGES. H. D. Fan, K. Z. Deng, G. M.Huang, Z. Zhao., X. J. Yue, X. M. Luo, Y. F. Ling
STUDY ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAP UPDATING WITH HIGH RESOLUTION AIRBORNE SAR IMAGE. X .M. Luo, G. M. Huang, Z. Zhao
AN EXPERIMENT OF HIGH RESOLUTION SAR IMAGE IN DYNAMIC MONITORING THE CHANGE OF CONSTRUCTION LAND. CaoYinxuan, Zhang Yonghong, YanQin, ZhaoZheng
RESEARCH ON STATISTICS AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE BASIN'S IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS. Liu Ping, Liu Jiping, Zhao Rong
THE RESEARCH AND ESTABLISHMENT OF IMAGE DATABASE SYSTEM BASED ON ORACLE. Li Lanyong, Song Weidong, Chen Zhaoliang, Zhao Hongfeng
SITE SELECTION FOR SATELLITE GEOMETRIC TEST RANGE IN CHINA. Xinxin Zhu, Guo Zhang, Qing Zhu, Xinming Tang
ANALYSIS OF IMAGES GEOMETRIC RECTIFICATION FOR QUICKBIRD. WANG Chong-chang , WANG Li-li, Zhang Li, Zhang Kai-xuan, Ma Zhen-li, ZHANG Zhen-yong
RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC SYMBOL BASE. Yang ping, Tang Xinming, Wang Shengxiao, Lei Bing, Wang Huibing
DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN THREE GORGES DAM USING CHRIS/PROBA IMAGE DATA. GAI Li-ya, LIU Zheng-jun,ZHANG Ji-xian
RESEARCH ON LAND SANDY DESERTIFICATION WITH REMOTE SENSING -Take Qinghai Lake Areas as an example. Jian Ji, Chen Yuanyuan, Yang wunian, Tang nengfu
METHODS AND APPLICATION OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR REMOTE SENSING IMAGE COMPRESSION. ZHAI Liang, TANG Xinming, ZHANG Guo, ZHU Xiaoyong
ON-ORBIT MTF ESTIMATION METHODS FOR SATELLITE SENSORS. LI Xianbin, JIANG Xiaoguang, Tang Lingli
AUTHOR INDEX
KEYWORDS INDEX
Cover

Full text

19 
from the model co- 
len subsequently to 
information matrix 
/e the desired paral- 
L image depends on 
sensor, thus higher 
closer to the sensor 
ange. The resulting 
e height above the 
to compute the cor- 
corresponding face 
iking material prop- 
r properties into ac- 
ited. SARViz offers 
imputation. The sta- 
f Ulaby & Dobson 
ughness and dielec- 
Zribi (2006) and an 
lost commonly used 
methods, due to its 
Phong, 1975), three 
1 ambient) are com- 
iement is calculated 
rength as well as the 
3). In the SAR case, 
eflections strength r 
'alue can be derived 
reflections based on 
in the mono-static 
m are identical, the 
;tatistical analysis of 
:alistic values for the 
are needed to calcu- 
>re, multi-reflections 
the rasterization ap- 
ind every vertex and 
tusions are not mod- 
1978) both shadows 
ow map is generated 
m the position of the 
ise equivalent to the 
values, the distance 
itten to the so-called 
m the position of the 
ground-range images 
irmation from slant- 
le scene is rendered 
looking from nadir direction, keeping a parallel projection. The 
distance of each pixel rendered in the nadir view is compared to 
the transformed distance between the sensor position and the 
object. If the distance of a pixel to the sensor exceeds the value 
stored in the shadow map, the pixel is not visible and will not be 
rendered. 
sensor view shadow map visualization 
Figure 4. SAR shadow map generation 
Shadow mapping is an image-based technique. It can be easily 
implemented and generates fast shadow casting effects. Using 
this method, the virtual camera is not allowed to be inside a 
shadow area. Large distance differences between the virtual 
camera and the light source are also problematic. For mono 
static SAR simulation, the sensor is identical to the light source 
and the virtual camera. Therefore, no such problems exist. Still, 
precision and aliasing problems may occur while using shadow 
maps. 
3.3 Soft shadows 
The edges of a shadow area created by shadow mapping are too 
sharp, because each pixel is either completely inside or outside 
of a shadow area. In computer graphics various methods for 
visualizing soft shadows are used. Optical images have very soft 
shadows, especially if they include ambient lighting. In radar 
images, there is no ambient lighting. The methods visualizing 
ambient light are therefore not feasible for SAR simulation. 
Due to the shape of the radar lobe, areas in the edge of the sha 
dow still reflect energy back to the sensor. This can be visual 
ized by generating three shadow maps. One shadow map in the 
image centre using parallel projection, two shadow maps at the 
edges of the image. The positions of these additional shadow 
maps are determined by the shape of the radar lobe, which de 
pends on the length of the real aperture. Using three shadow 
maps, the shadow state of a pixel is not binary anymore. 
In our approach we differentiate between pixels outside any 
shadow area, pixels inside one shadow area and pixels inside 
two or more shadow areas. Pixels inside two or more shadow 
areas are not reflecting any energy back to the sensor, but the 
pixels inside just one of the shadow areas are still reflecting a 
limited amount of energy back to the sensor. As it can be seen 
in Figure 5, this approach is considering the shape of the radar 
lobe and is visualizing soft radar shadows. 
Figure 5. Visualization of a model of the ,,Burj-el-Arab“ in Du- 
bai using soft shadows 
3.4 Spotlight mode 
The spatial resolution of SAR systems can be increased using 
the spotlight mode. In the spotlight mode the squint angle of the 
radar antenna is adjusted during the data acquisition to increase 
the exposure time. The dynamic adjustment of the antenna in 
creases the synthetic aperture length and therefore improves the 
spatial resolution in azimuth. 
Beside the improvement of the resolution, the spotlight mode 
influences the lighting, the shadow casting and the layover ef 
fect. To visualize the influence of the spotlight mode on the lay 
over, the geometry is adjusted dynamically in the vertex shader. 
The shadow is calculated using three shadow maps. In contrast 
to the visualization of soft shadows, explained in section 3.3, 
the shadow of each pixel is determined by using only one sha 
dow map. Depending on the azimuth position, the respective 
shadow map is selected. Therefore, the shadow map used for the 
shadow calculation is dynamically changing. 
Figure 7. Visualization of three simple buildings using the spot- 
light mode 
3.5 Speckling and multi-look image generation 
Speckling is produced by mutual interference of coherent waves 
that are subject to phase differences. For simplicity it can be 
visualized by additive noise. The reflection value of a multi 
look image is a combination of m single SAR images. The re 
sulting speckle value in a multi-look image S m can be calcu 
lated using: 
¿=1 
A more realistic approach is the separate simulation of each 
look. Each sub-aperture image has a different squint angle. Al 
though the differences between the squint angles are small, 
edges, layovers and shadows appear blurred in the combined 
multi-look image (see Figure 8). Because each single sub-aper 
ture image has to be simulated separately, the overall processing 
time increases accordingly.

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