Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 5 Non-renewable resources: Geology, geomorphology and engineering projects. Chairman: J. V. Taranik, Liaison: B. N. Koopmans

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: The study of mass movement from aerial photographs. Varoujan Kh. Sissakian

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

675 Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 The study of mass movement from aerial photographs Varoujan Kh.Sissakian Geological Survey and Mineral Investigation, Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT: The applicability of large scale (1:5 000 and larger) aerial photographs in stu dying of mass movement is described. Their interpretation for different aspects, dealing with the mass movement like classification, prediction, recognition, dating and activity, is discussed and highly recommended in all projects, in which the land is involved. INTRODUCTION Mass movement is a term used for all kinds of movements which take place in rock and/or in soils on slopes due to one or more rea sons. The movement could be of different shape, size, origin, and type along one or more shear plane (then it is called land slide) or within thick zone consisting of a system of partial sliding planes (Zaruba & Mend 1969). Mass movements and landslides may cause huge damages to engineering works, proper ties, lives and human activities, due to these reasons many authors tried to classify the movements to different types. Among them are Heim 1882, Howe 1909, Almagia 1910, Terzaghi 1952, Ladd 1935, Shape 1938, Eme lyanova 1952, Varnes 1958, Eckel 1958, Ter- Stepainan 1966, Zaruba & Mencl 1969, and Nemcok et al. 1978 . These authors come to many classifications depending on different aspects like 1. Form of sliding surface 2. Kind of material moved 3. Age of rate of movement 4. Stage of development But still some difficulties occur in iden tifying the type of movement, because the type of movement does not depend only on the material in which it takes place, but also on the scale of the movement and also beca use "only in a few cases the movements occur in pure form" (Yague, 1978). Aerial photographs, especially of large scale 1:10 000 and larger can be used in studying different aspect of mass movements like their type, origin, causes, potentially critical areas, activity, and the prediction of the movement. From all of these, it is very neccessary to study aerial photographs of large scales before doing any engineering work or other activities in which the land is involved. Due to this it is always reco mmended, in large projects, to take inconsi deration the use of aerial photographs. Their use is recommended by (Zaruba & Mencl 1969, Harold <* Taliang 1978, Nossin 1978, Yague 1978, Varnes 1976). 1 CLASSIFICATION OF MASS MOVEMENT FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS In this study the classification of the mass movements is based on that followed by Nem cok et. al. 1978, these are: 1.1 Slide Within this type are inclosed all those movements of coherent masses along one or more well defined shear surfaces. Two main kindes of slides can be recognized from aerial pnotographs, these are slides in rocks and slides in soils. These can be di fferentiated by recognizing: 1. Where the scarpe is, i.e. in rocks or in soils. 2. Whether the moved mass is rock or soil. 3. The surrounding materials of the phe nomenon. Obviously the two kinds are very easily distinguishable on aerial photographs. 1.2 Creep This type includes long-term movement of non-increasing velocity without a well de fined sliding surface. Zaruba & Mencl 1969 confined this too. It is neccessary to mention that the creep process may lead to different types of mass movements if the creep is. accelerated due to any reason. The movement stops after rea ching equilibrium. Hence any recognized creep on old aerial photograph may be find as an other phenomenon during field check. Usually creep occur in soils, the toe area of which is associated mainly with small sl iding. Creep occurs in rocks too, but their recognition is very difficult. 1.3 Flow This includes mass movements in rocks and soils analogous to the movements in liquids. Movements take place due to liquification due to any reason. According to Varnes 1978, some authors use the term creep for indica ting the flow. Zaruba & Mencl 1969 use di fferent terms for the flow like earth flow and debris flow. The most common movement of this type is the mud flow. 1.4 Fall This is a sudden mass movement. The mooving mass looses its coherence and for a short time also its contact with the ground. The

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