Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 6 Hydrology: Surface water, oceanography, coastal zone, ice and snow. Chairman: K. A. Ulbricht, Co-chairman: Mikio Takagi, Liaison: R. Spanhoff

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Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: The quantification of floodplain inundation by the use of LANDSAT and Metric Camera information, Belize, Central America. S. T. Miller

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

ershed Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 The quantification of floodplain inundation by the use of LANDSAT and Metric Camera information, Belize, Central America 50 30 80 10 75 50 20 25 60 15 5 25 45) 45 10 5 30 10 35 10 _5 20) 55 l) elands has 3 ofoLandsat TM ,e of the large the vegetation :y also to dis- aquatic vege- iter areas, inges during ¡en Landsat TM iresent too ma- S.T. Miller University of Aston, Birmingham, UK ABSTRACT: Investigations are made into the quantification of a flood event using a single post flood LANDSAT 3 image aided by basic topographic and hydrological information. Comparisons are made between LANDSAT, Metric Camera and ground survey data to assess the contribution that space borne remote sensing can make where limited ground- truth is availible. The results indicate that such images can provide detailed accounts of flood behavior and estimates of flood volumes in circumstances where ground surveys are impracticable. I. BACKGROUND The Belize river catchment covers an area of more than 6,000 km . in Central America and its floodplain is inundated every few years. Economic dislocation due to the flooding of the road link (the Western highway) between the capital Belmopan and the main seaport of Belize City, is a serious concequenoe. The floodplain area is largely uninhabited and has few other roads. Access within the area is difficult at all times and impossible at times of flooding. In such circumstances remotely sensed images provide an excellent opportunity for the quantification of flood extents. In this paper the flood of December 1979 is investigated. While the flood distribution is considered through out the floodplain area, estimates of flood volumes are made only for the part above Davis Bank gauging station, the upper floodplain. In the case of the lower floodplain, comparisons are made with other information sources as to floodwater distribution and the locations of flooding and destruction of the Western highway. The LANDSAT scene 020/46» 29th. December 1979 was aquired at least two weeks after the inception of flooding. 2. THE UPPER FLOODPLAIN 2 .1. The hydrological data base In common with many developing countries, hydrological and meteorological records in Belize are short, incre asing the problems of flood volume assessment. The first stage of this investigation was to establish a base for return period peak flows that could be used in flood volume calculation. Several options were considered before the 'Peak- Over-Threshold (P.O.T.) method was selected, for the following reasons(Flood Studies Report 1972): 1. It is based on a simple exponential series, the validity of which is easily tested. 2. It is suitable for short periods of records. 3. It is adaptable for seasonal and non-seasonal variations. 4. It is adaptable to conditions where flow peaks do not adhere to the same distribution at all stages. Five gauging stations, two outside the floodplain and three within it, were checked for conformity to an exponential distribution of high flows. The three floodplain stations were Big Falls Ranch, Bermudan handing and Davis Bank having 3» 4 and 2 years record respectively, obtained between I968 and 1972. It was noted that while the two stations outside the flood- plain conformed to a consistant P.O.T. distribution at all stages, the three inside did not. Their distributions were found to have varying exponential gradients. Since the P.O.T. distributions depend upon the thresh- hold value (qo) and the exponential gradient (b), the former was set to assure an exponential gradient and distribution of observed peak flows for return periods of five years or more. The number of peaks per year that exceed the threshold (qo) is termed A . The equations that define return period flows are of the form Q(T)= qo + b(ln A . In T) and are given below in table I for the floodplain stations. (Flood Studies Report 1972:189). Table I. P.O.T. formulae for floodplain stations Station P.O.T. formulae Big Falls Ranch Bermudan Landing Davis Bank Q(T)= 400 Q(t)= 400 Q(T)= 280 + 26,35(ln2 + + 20,20(lnl.5 + 28.00(lnl + InT) + InT) InT) where Q(T) , the T year flood and qo are in cumecs. In this way a flood peak return base was identified for later use, incorporating a slow growth in keeping the limited ability of the river channel within the floodplain to conduct flood discharge. 2.2 Synthesis of the 1979 flood event Having determined a suitable hydrological base for the determination of flood peaks, an assessment of the flood volume of the 1979 flood event was necessary. No hydrological records of the event were available. However past hydrological and meteorological records enabled the construction of unit hydrographs. Two previous events occuring in 1969 and -1971 were used and from their averages unit hydrographs for each station were obtained (Flood Studies Report 1972:375- 402). The time period for the description of these unit hydrographs was four days, determined by the nature of the rainfall periods and daily rainfall records. They were converted to one day unit hydrographs for convenient application to the 1979 flood (Flood Studies Report 1972:397) The reconstruction of the 1979 flood flow hydrographs was completed using rainfall rcords from all available meteorological stations. Areal weighting was applied, as were estimates of probable base flow at the time of the 1979 event, consideration of the I969 and 1971 flow hydrographs indicated that a 15%increase in the derived hydrogxaph was appropriate in the case of each station. Although the practical limitations of such methods are recognised (Flood Studies Report 1972:379-581),

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