Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 6 Hydrology: Surface water, oceanography, coastal zone, ice and snow. Chairman: K. A. Ulbricht, Co-chairman: Mikio Takagi, Liaison: R. Spanhoff

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Analysis of Landsat multispectral-multitemporal images for geologic-lithologic map of the Bangladesh Delta. A. Sesören

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 759 am from 1972 th respect to 14 years the ¡velop methods lications of satellite in o stop trans- in itself in- POT satellite be abundant environmental s need can be iata. should not be ibility of new nd ground re- cience itself d accuracy of itical demands sciences will ctive offered ially evident :h and inves- strations may >f tracing the inges, appear - novelty with te data. But d use of all 'dent benefits all possible ts, decision- in the state sat example of nnica 11: 55- Lsat classifi- the Bothnian :h 250: 45-51. Mature 319: 4. sea. Photo- >1. mating shore- inland) water Landsat data. dsat data for iren, Sweden, ila, Sweden, illsten 1984a. atic areas of lern Finland. llymaa 1984b. ill lake water ata, Kuusamo, i Planets 31: rkimaa 1984c. ittoral areas iia, Finland) . Landsat study :e Luodonj arvi .c Botany 21: per was per- ,SA Resident lsion Labora- Analysis of Landsat multispectral-multitemporal images for geologic-lithologic map of the Bangladesh Delta A.Sesoren Geological Survey of the Netherlands (RGD), International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), Enschede, Netherlands ABSTRACT: Geological interpretation of Landsat images of delta areas is very difficult since the delta depo sits are lithologically very similar, they do not produce identifiable morphologic features, and they are not even well exposed because of dense vegetation cover during most of the year. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated in this paper that lithologic-geologic interpretation of Landsat images of delta areas is possible by a proper planning of the interpretation. 1 GEOLOGIC-LITHOLOGIC INTERPRETATION OF THE BANGLADESH DEL"”' The Bangladesh Delta (fig. 1) has been studied in order to verify whether a detailed geologic-litholo gic map of a delta can be obtainted from Landsat multispectral-multitemporal images by a specially planned interpretation based on a step by step sepa ration of the units present in the delta. A hierarchical classification of the delta areas is applied based on genetic classes, geomorphological units, and on spectral, spatial and temporal charac teristics of materials. A good background knowledge of the development mechanisms of deltas is required. This classification allows the distinction and map ping of lithologically similar but genetically dif ferent deposits, and provides detailed information about sedimentation processes and deposits (fig. 1) . 1.1 Subdivision of the delta area into genetic clas ses On the multispectral-multitemporal Landsat images of the Bangladesh Delta different drainage and land scape patterns can be recognized (fig. 2) . They result from processes related to different flow regimes. Each type of flooding (e.g. river flooding, tidal flooding, rainwater flooding) can transport and accumulate other types of sediments, building up floodplains distinguished by their specific drainage and landscape patterns. By subdividing the delta into different types of floodplains, deposits that were developed under distinct conditions will also be separated, and genetic classes of sediments are obtained. Although a landscape pattern can not al ways be detected from Landsat images because of its small size or because it is masked by dense vegeta tion, however, a drainage pattern of delta areas - even through a dense vegetation - is always detect able on band-7 (near-infrared) images and therefore can be effectively used for the sub-division of deltas into floodplains areas. By a combined analysis of the near-infrared images of three years (fig. 2) , the drainage map of the Bangladesh Delta has been prepared (fig. 3). On this map, area (A) it is identified as "tidal floodplain", as it is crossed by a close network of innumerable rivers and creeks, typically making "zigzag" band and interconnected with each other as well with the main rivers. Obviously, tides may advance far inland in dry seasons when the water level of main rivers is at a minimum, and retreat in wet seasons when main rivers are in flood. Area (B), constituting a large belt parallel to the Ganges River and crossed by the Arialkhan and tributary rivers, is designated as "river flood- plain" . Typical features are a density of drainage lower then that of area (A), and "curved bends and meanders" of the rivers which are connected with the main rivers. Locally, abandoned channels and lops of cut meanders can be recognized. Area (C) looks different from the areas (A) and (B) due to the absence of active important creeks. The drainage pattern, which is hardly visible, is produced by straight and geometrical shapes of man made channels. Only one small river crosses the area in between its narrow floodplain. The area is located far from the main rivers and ative chan nels, because of its perennially wet nature and the occurrence of large peat areas, rainwater flooding is likely to be the dominant factor. Nevertheless, the development of area (C) may have undergone some influence by tidal flooding entering the area in dry seasons from one side, and by flooding of the main rivers in wet seasons from the other side. Therefore area (C) has been defined as a "composite floodplain". 1.2 Subdivision of river floodplain into géomor phologie classes A major river in flood normally deposits different amount and types of sediments in different parts of its floodplain, in a well-known sequence ranging from sandy to silty to loam and clay, depending mainly on topography and velocity of flow. Changes in landscape patterns and differences in spectral signatures allow a subdivision of the river floodplain into geomorphological sub-classes. An "upper river floodplain" or "meander floodplain" occurs along the Ganges River bank, where large meanders, lops of cut menaders, long and curved ridges and abandoned channels have produced a kind of meander landscape pattern (fig. 4a) . Further downstream curved ridges and wide basins come closer together and smaller, abandoned channels, large meanders disappear, and the whole pattern looks like an "embroidery on canvas" (fig. 4b), hence this part of the floodplain is designated as "lower river floodplain" or "embroidery flood- plain". Of course, the latter term is not an offi cial morphological term, but it is. used here be cause it very clearly describes the landscape pat tern as seen on satellite images. Some areas, which do not show either a meander or an "embroidery" pattern, are separated from the upper and lower floodplain areas and are interpret-

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