Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 6 Hydrology: Surface water, oceanography, coastal zone, ice and snow. Chairman: K. A. Ulbricht, Co-chairman: Mikio Takagi, Liaison: R. Spanhoff

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: A simple atmospheric correction algorithm for Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images. P. I. G. M. Vanouplines

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

789 elected, where reference band. orse than for 86) advises to able or even resolution dvantage over the CZCS and TM is his possibility he first sensor ions. With the ded. Care should on a TM image, dir-looking, n account oblique eric correction DIANCE AND SKY- eigh path ximation as ed by air sunlight, the satellite's uation (5) (5) olar spectral tance, T air the on 3.3) and p^ quation (6) (6) nd T the total irradiance, and the wave- (7) ar extraterres- he earth's orbit n day. The errestrial bs (1981:246-247) e TM sensor gaussian curve : elength A can be 1956) (8) from their T X = exp ( -T X /cos 0 O ) (9) where T X is the transmittance, T X the optical thickness, 0o the solar zenith angle and x = air, aero ozone or total. For the ozaone optical thickness (and hence for the ozone transmittance) a fixed value may be choosen for each wavelength. For TM in Belgian applications following values were choosen : ozone T '4 8 5 0.015 ozone T 56 0 0.025 To obtain K^ er °, one takes in account the ratios of the effective cross sections of Mie particles (a^er°) ag g-[ ven e q ua tion (16), and the particle density at height z (N aero (z)). 550 ~(550) aero X 3-a (16) One obtains now equation (17) 3.912 K^ er ° (z) - (- N '(0) V 0.0116)(”) A a-3 (17) ozone T 6 6 0 0.014 The particle density N aer ° (z) can be approximated by the set of equations (18) x OZOne =0.001 8 3 0 The Rayleigh phase functions can be calculated for nadir-looking satellite from p M (^±)= (l+cos 2 0 o ) in which 0 O is the solar zenith angle. (10) 3.2 Skyglitter The skyglitter is for a nadir-looking satellite given by equation (11) l hg = P E oT tot T air P M (40 (ID The three equations (5), (6) and (11) are now com bined in equation (12) t . t T. „ozone 2 air r M, . . l pr l hg = E ° T T {p ({,j) + + p (ip) (T (yo ) + T )} (12) where the total transmittance is written as T tot = T ozone 55 exp(-(z-5.5) /H^) z < 5.5 km 5.5 <z< 18 km (18) 55 exp(-(z-18 ) /H^) z > 18 km where H x = 0.886 + 0.0222 V and H 2 = 3.77 km. The set of equation (18) is developed by Me Clatchey et al. (1972) which is based on 79 series of measure ments by Elterman (1968, 1970). The Mie optical thickness (by scattering of aerosol particles) is defined as aero K A (z)dz (19) With equations (17), (18) and (19) equation (20) to calculate the aerosol optical thickness at a height (z >18 km) can be set up by integration H 2 exp (-5.5/H^ The ozone transmittance is squared since the light has to pass the ozone layer twice. 3.3 Mie optical thickness The visibility range or meteorological range V was introduced by Koschmieder (1938) and is related to the scattering or attenuation coefficient K (0), defined by Middleton (1957). This relationship is given in equation (13) V _ 3.912 (13) in which K^(0) is the total scattering coefficient at height 0 m, and wavelength X. Since K (0) = K air (0) + K aer0 (0) (14) 550 550 550 where K550 (0) is the air molecule scattering coefficient, at height Om and wavelength 550 nm and K||ro (0) the aerosol scattering coefficient, at height 0 m and wavelength 550 nm. One obtains equation (15) Kffo° (0) = ~~ ~ K550 (0) (15) For satellite observations, z is equal to °°, and one obtains T»"°a) - <i|U - o.omx^r V À {H(l-exp(-5.5/H)) + 12.5 exp (-5.5/H) + 3.77 exp(-5.5/H)} (21) where V is the visibility range or meteorological range, X the wavelength and H = 0.886 + 0.0222iV a is normally equal to 4. Data on the meteorological range can be obtained in Belgium from the Royal Meteorological Institute (KMI/IRM) for 20 stations (measured every three hours) in the monthly synoptical observations. 4 CALCULATION OF THE AEROSOL PATH RADIANCE RATIO The aerosol path radiance ratio a (A,Ao) is first used in equation (2). It is possible to set up an equation for aerosol path radiance analogous to equation (5). The aerosol path radiance ratio is then expressed by equation (22), assuming that the phase function is independent of the wavelenght ot(X, X 0 ) 3.QYO / *\ \ n /_ ■* \ _OZOn6 / \ t (X) E 0 (D,X) T (A,y,Uo) T (X 0) Eo(DjÀo)T (X 0 > y>yo) Equation (15) is valid for standard conditions (temperature 15°C, atmospheric pressure 1013 mb), were Kfir ( 0 ) = Q.0116 km“ 1 where „ozone,. . „ozone ,, . „ozone ,, . T (X,y,y 0 ) = T (A,y).T (A,y 0 )

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