Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 7 Human settlements: Urban surveys, human settlement analysis and archaeology. Chairman: W. G. Collins, Co-chairman: B. C. Forster, Liaison: P. Hofstee

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Abandoned settlements and cultural resources remote sensing. Aulis Lind, Noel Ring

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 835 Abandoned settlements and cultural resources remote sensing Aulis Lind University of Vermont, Burlington, USA Noel Ring Big Ben Community College Overseas Program, New York, USA ABSTRACT: It is becoming increasingly clear that resource planning and management in many countries of the World includes a range of settlement features having origins from prehistoric times. Such features, which are collectively termed cultural resources, may be endangered by the continued development of other resources and thus need to be included in monitoring aspects of land use studies. In addition, there is the need to survey developable and remote areas for such resources relating to former human settlements whether agglomerated or dispersed. Remote sensing applications involve the discovery, survey, mapping, and analysis of the abandoned landscape elements as well as the current functional elements. The existing variety of remote sensing tools provides the promise of identifying new cultural resource landscapes or districts. At the same time, archival sources of data, such as old aerial photographs, are particularly valuable. Thus, thematic mapping with empha sis on cultural resources, becomes a multisensor task with numerous other remote sensing dimensions including data from satellites, aircraft and baloons. Examples of applications from the U.S., Europe and S.E. Asia are presented to illustrate the complexity and scope of the remote sensing challenge. 1 INTRODUCTION News of an exciting discovery has recently emerged (Begley S. and S. Katz, 1986) which describes aNew World Pompeii on the slopes of the Costa Rican vol cano Arenal, where airborne radar, lidar and color- infrared photographic sensing were employed to locate abandoned settlements and appropriate sites for archaeological excavations. The advantages of the aerial perspective and aerial photography to docu ment abandoned settlements are well known to students of past landscapes. As the search for abandoned set tlements and the study of relict landscapes pro gresses, the roles played by remote sensing continue to expand due to ongoing research, development and application of new remote sensing tools and methods. Satellite remote sensing programs such as LANDSAT, the Spaceborne Imaging Radars-SIR A, B, and the newly launched SPOT system offer some new and challenging directions for past landscape analysis (Olsen, 1985) . Ancient settlement patterns are often submerged in the landscape of recent history, and these overlap an environmental matrix of resource significance. The inventory and analysis of these spatially over lapping patterns forms a significant focus for several fields of study including, for example, environmental archaeology, historical-cultural geography and human ecology. Emerging from the application of remote sensing techniques within these fields, and within site-oriented archeaological surveys, is an expanding and increasingly significant area of investigation which has appeared as "cultural resources remote sensing". The application of satellite remote sensing, radar, multispectral imaging and the tools of the computer and space age offer to greatly increase information about bygone populations and their works. Perhaps more importantly, abandoned settlements as well as such features as ancient agricultural tracts, early irrigation and transportation canal networks, fortifications, and religious centers are considered to be resources which specifies that they are a matter of inventory, conservation, and management as mean ingful parts of the economy of nations, states, regions, or locales. Conserving and managing the current mass of cultural resources (Reichstein, 1985) and providing for new organizational and planning schemes to handle such features as historic districts and relict landscapes (Melnick, 1984) are of major concern due to the destructive threats of such pro cesses as urban expansion, reservoir construction, mining and the landscape manipulations associated with modernization of agriculture and forestry. Remote sensing's role within cultural resources management will continue to receive increasing atten tion since its approach is archaeologically and envi ronmentally non-destructive and this is an increasingly important attribute. Moreover, Federal laws in the U.S. at least require surface surveys to be made. But, the amount of effort expended and the rate of progress achieved ultimately depends on the amount of funding available, the interest level of investi gators and the relative importance given to cultural resources as a whole by society. Cultural resource managers sometimes view remote sensing studies with skepticism, but that is mainly the result of improper or misapplied use and interpretation of remote sensing data, or simply a lack of knowledge regarding remote sensing methods and techniques. Both of these problems become a matter of education and training within the appropriate sub-disciplines. What are the remote sensing elements and challenges in the development and management of cultural resources that may offer global societies some understanding of their evolution? Posing this question from time to time seems necessary to assess the nature of the challenges lying ahead, especially as rapid advances in remote sensing technology ultimately impact on methodological approaches. This paper attempts to examine that question by: a) surveying major cultural resource tasks within the context of a scaled approach and b) exploring the nature of remote sensing applica tion potentials within selected regional contexts. 2 SCALING OF CULTURAL RESOURCES TASKS Application of remote sensing techniques to cultural resources problems involves a potentially broad spec trum of scales and sensing tools. It might be diffi cult to find another field of study which requires a range of remotely sensed data stretching from scales of about 1/1000 to 1/1,000,000. An examination of scale in a bivariate context is a convenient way to identify application dimensions, along with other characteristics of cultural resources remote sensing. This is attempted in Table 1 to follow. While scale speaks for itself, definition of the major tasks and an indication of the tools generally used is required

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