Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 5 Non-renewable resources: Geology, geomorphology and engineering projects. Chairman: J. V. Taranik, Liaison: B. N. Koopmans

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Global distributive computer processing systems for environmental monitoring, analysis and trend modeling in early warning and natural disaster mitigation. J. O. Brumfield, H. H. L. Bloemer

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Global distributive computer processing systems for environmental monitoring, analysis and trend modeling in early warning and natural disaster mitigation J.O.Brumfield Marshall University, Huntington, W. Va., USA H.H.L.Bloemer Ohio University, Athens, USA ABSTRACT: Hierarchial levels of environmental data availability and processing capabilities care discussed and illustrated for the following global configuration of components based on experimental design results: 1. National Analysis and Early Warning Workstations; 2. International/Regional Processing Nodes; 3. Interna tional Data and Processing Facilities; 4. Global Telecommunication Networking for Computers and Early Warning Systems. In as much as the components of computer hardware/software systems and source data are spatially distributed on a global scale, workstations and nodes must be able to communicate effectively (analog and/or digital) to maximize information exchange and decision making potential on a national or regional basis. Further information/data from global data bases are often necessary to supplement or augment locally or regionally derived information (e.g. climate data from NOAA and NASA in the USA and WMO in Switzerland and AVHRR and/or GOES data from NOAA in the USA). Also through global networking various national and international laboratories/centers and universities are accessible for scientific and technical expertise in problem solving in resource monitoring, management, and disaster mitigation. Furthermore, analog telecommunication links, such as facsimile transmission capabilities, can provide an alternative, effective early warning system/emergency 38.4 kbit/sec equivalent transmission rate for disaster mitigation. Introduction Global distributive computer processing systems for environmental monitoring and analysis must be capable of providing modeling senarios and telecommunications among systems components for early warning and national disaster mitigation. An example of modeling senarios might include: specifying in advance areas of impact and intensity thereof, predicting crop productivity/yield, estimating food shortages, determining disaster assistance needs, improving policy and food scarcity management decisions, relocating existing stocks of food or bumper crops in neighboring regions and recommending alternate crops capable of growing under expected weather conditions (Steyaert, 1984). In recent years government agencies have recognized the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a technology suited for rapid data analysis. GIS can be viewed as an integral necessary component in spatial problem analysis and assessment. In order to decrease the devastating effects of severe environmental episodes, advanced data handling and analysis systems (ie. GIS) may be utilized to respond in a more timely fashion. A GIS that will meet the requirements of regional/global environ mental modeling must be capable of automated data collection, data storage, data retrieval, and data manipulation, along with spatial/statistical analysis, modeling, and display capabilities for spatial georeferenced data (Brumfield 1983). To facilitate natural hazard analysis at a global scale, a GIS must include telecommunication linkage capabilities to worldwide computer information and processing systems to monitor, assess and predict trends for disaster mitigation (Boyd, 1983; Brumfield, 1985). The International/National (Regional) Processing Nodes & Workstation The global distributive computer processing systems, including software, must be capable of encoding, inputting and processing both nonspatial and digital graphics along with image data (digital/analog) and provide efficient data management through manipulative and analytic modeling operations. Also, a global system should have telecommunication/ networking capability providing an adaptable tool to different users and for different applications. Figure 1 represents a international/regional processing node and workstation configuration we suggest incorporated into natural disaster trend assessment and forecasting systems. A complete hardware/software modeling system, in addition to a VMS or UNIX type operating system, with compilers and utilities might include: 1) Real time or near real time data link capability to GOES or polar orbiter type satellite weather data. 2) The ability to enhance and register multiple data sets to each other and animate sequential temporal data sets. 3) The ability to transmit/receive facsimile data by telephone, microwave, or satellite telecommunica tion for 38.4 kbit/sec. data transmission backup. 4) Software for image processing/geographic information systems. 5) Data base management software. 6) Statistical analysis software. 7) Data reformatting and package linkage capabili ties among software systems. 8) Data capture systems and input/ouput peripherals, e.g. digitizers, tape drives, disc drives, high resolution video camera, with analog to digital and digital to analog conversion capability: video/facsimile, transmission/reception capability to facilitate 38.4 kbit/sec. equivalent transmission rate for standard telephone service with particular application in developing countries. 9) Spatial data/information file retrieval/transfer systems directory of available location, type and command codes; system software processing accessibility between computer network station nodes e.g. EARTHNET/Bitnet. 10) Off the shelf components and software system compatibility and reliability; minimum requirements for operational expertise and training; ease of system repair, component replacement and software upgrade with emphasis on meeting developing countries operating conditions. The logical. candidate to meet the hardware needs 573

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