Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 5 Non-renewable resources: Geology, geomorphology and engineering projects. Chairman: J. V. Taranik, Liaison: B. N. Koopmans

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Spring mound and aioun mapping from Landsat TM imagery in south-central Tunisia. Arwyn Rhys Jones & Andrew Millington

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

607 Symposium on Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management / Enschede / August 1986 Spring mound and aioun mapping from Landsat TM imagery in south-central Tunisia Arwyn Rhys Jones & Andrew Millington University of Reading, UK ABSTRACT: Groundwater upwellings on two playas in south-central Tunisia form rare geomorphological features known as spring mounds and aioun. They form clusters in certain playa facies. Lineament analysis of Landsat TM imagery of the playas was carried out on single bands, FCC's and convolved imagery, Lineament directions indicated strong underlying hydrogeological controls on these features related to Alpine folding and associated faulting and jointing. RESUME: Eaux de la terre montant lentement sur deux playas en Tunisie sud-centrale forme les phenomenes geomorpholgiques connus sous le nom de monticules aux sources et aioun. Ils forment des amas sur certines parties du playas. Traitement d'image lineament sur l'image de Landsat TM était entrepris utilisant les FCC's et les filtres directionals. Les directions des lineaments indiquaient la forte maitrise hydrogeologique sur les monticules aux sources et aioun ayant rapport a des plissment alpin associe a des faillies et des joints. 1. INTRODUCTION Spring mounds and aioun are both geomorphological expressions of groundwater upwelling found on playas. Spring mounds are formed when deep groundwater escapes to the playa surface as a spring and there is either chemical deposition of groundwater salts or aeolian and lacustrine deposition of playa surface debris. The height of the mounds depends on the piezometric and discharge properties of the ground- water (Reeves, 1968). In Tunisia they commonly range from 10 to 15 m and cover areas of up to 7.5 Km2, although more commonly the maximum is about 2.5 Km . Figure 1. A spring mound found on the Chott el Fedjadj Tunisia, note its vegetated centre clearly visible on TM imagery They have been recorded in Australian, North American (Mabbutt, 1977) and North African (Cooke and Warren 1973) playas. An ain (pi. aioun) may be a related feature, but their origins are far from clear. It Is thought that they may be related to solution subsidence in areas of rising groundwater (Cooke and Warren, 1973); however whether this is due to shallow or deep groundwater movements is unclear. If they are deep groundwater features they are undoubtedly related to spring mounds but if they are shallow groundwater features the factors controlling their distribution should be entirely different. Coque (1962) describes typical aioun on the Chott el Djerid as being about 4m deep and 5m in diameter. Over the last three years the same aioun have, however, shown very little surface relief (only up to about 10cm) ,• this may be due to infilling of the collapse structures with aeolian or lacustrine sediments. Their most striking features are the occurrence of concentric circular patterns of salts on playa surfaces. They have been recorded in North African and Iranian playas (Cooke and Warren, 1973; Coque, 1962). Spring mounds and aioun occur in clusters which we have termed spring mound and aioun fields respectively. The former are more common in south- central Tunisia. Two major spring mound fields are found - the largest is on the Chott el Djerid to the south of the Djebel Tebaga and a second, smaller field is found in the south-west Chott el Fedjadj. One large aioun field is also found in the north east of the Chott el Djerid. These latter two fields are examined in this paper in more detail. 2. HYDROGEOLOGY OF SOUTH-CENTRAL TUNISIA South of the North African Atlas Mountains, at the junction of the Saharan Platform and the folded Atlas Block are a series of playas occupying a zone of subsidence. Known locally as chotts they stretch from the Sebkhet el Hamma (about 20km west of Gabes in southern Tunisia) to Chott el Melhrir (in central Algeria) occupying a zone of subsidence. The largest of these playas is the Chott el Djerid which has an elongated north eastern arm in the core of an eroded anticline, known as the Chott el Fedjadj. The hydrological regimes of both chotts are dominated by groundwater seepage from the south in a surface quifer - the Continentale Terminate - and a deeper aquifer - the Continentale Intercalaire. In addition there is groundwater seepage from alluvial fans flanking the mountain ranges to the north of the chotts in the winter wet season. Although annually evaporation exceeds precipitation, for most of the year there is winter surface runoff

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