Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

damen, m. c. j.

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856342815

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856342815

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Volume 1-3 erschienen von 1986-1988

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856641294

Title:: Remote sensing for resources development and environmental management

Sub title:: proceedings of the 7th international Symposium, Enschede, 25 - 29 August 1986

Scope:: IX Seiten, Seiten 551-956

Year of publication:: 1986

Place of publication:: Rotterdam; Boston

Publisher of the original:: A,. A. Balkema

Identifier (digital):: 856641294

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(26,7,2)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: Damen, M. C. J.

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: 5 Non-renewable resources: Geology, geomorphology and engineering projects. Chairman: J. V. Taranik, Liaison: B. N. Koopmans

Write comment:: Wegen zu enger Bindung kommt es teilweise im Original zu Textverlust.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Spring mound and aioun mapping from Landsat TM imagery in south-central Tunisia. Arwyn Rhys Jones & Andrew Millington

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Table 3. Summary statistics of lineament analysis on spring mound distributions with different directional filters. Filter direction No. of lineaments identified Lineament distance (m) min. max. mean Dominant directions Minor directions None 42 0.90 8.00 2.89 NE; E-SE N-NNE N 48 0.49 7.99 2.52 E-SE ENE NW 26 0.89 5.83 2.86 ESE; SE-SSE - W 36 0.56 7.68 2.31 E-ESE; SE N-NNE SW 32 0.30 5.80 1.91 SE-SSE NNE; ENE; ESE None* 12 0.72 7.19 3.07 ESE * Only known rock outcrops analysed. directions parallel to the long axis of the spring mound area than across it. This will become apparent in the results to a certain extent. After all lineaments have been identified full statistics (starting and finishing pixel coordinates, distance in Km and directions) are tabulated; in addition summary statistics are displayed as a semi-circular rose diagram. The statistics summarising the results of the lineament analyses with the different directional filters are shown above (Table 3). The number of lineaments detected with different treatments ranged from 26 to 48. The length statistics of the lineaments was quite similar under all filters except the SW filter. The smallest lineament was always less than 1 Km; ranging from 300m in the SW filter image to 900m in the unfiltered image. The longest lineament detected under different filters fell into two internally consistent groups. The NW and SW filtered images had longest lineaments of 5.83 and 8.8 Km respectively. The other group consisted of the N and W filtered and unfiltered images; here the longest lineament ranged from 7.68 Km (W filtered image) to 8.00 Km (unfiltered image). The directional data on the lineaments was more useful than the number of lineaments and their lengths in assessing the effects of the different filters and for geological interpretation. The directional data are tabulated (Table 3) and summarised in semi-circular rose diagrams, (Fig. 5) The effect of directional filtering on the Band 3 imagery seems to have a marked effect on the linea ments in the N to NNE sectors, when compared to the unfiltered image. In the latter image NE was a dominant lineament direction, but in the filtered images all of the lineaments with directions between N and ENE were minor when compared to those with directions between E and SSE. Generally however it can be seen from Table 3 and Fig. 5 that the dominant lineament directions fell between E-W and SE-NW and that a secondary direction - NNE- SSW - perpendicular to the dominant direction can be identified. The other directions, N-S; ENE-WSW and SSE-NNW, are unimportant. This information is summarised in Figure 6. 5. DISCUSSION It was suggested earlier that the distribution of spring mounds and aioun in the Chotts el Djerid and el Fedjadj might be related to Alpine folding and faulting of sedimentary strata on the Saharan Platform. This can be examined by comparing the directions of the lineaments to the structural trends in the region. 5.1. Structural controls on spring mound distribution If underlying geological structure controls the distribution on spring mounds on the Chott el Fedjadj the distribution of lineaments should reflect the stress patterns associated with the folding of the Chott el Fedjadj anticline. Reconstructed folding of this anticline (Fig. 7a) suggests that two parallel E-W fold axes were present during folding. Stresses in the brittle strata of the region associated with the folding would probably have created a series of faults parallel to the fold axes, i.e. approximately E-W. The present-day geological structure of the Chott el Fedjadj is similar to the dome and basin structural association suggested by Hobbs et al., (1976) which would fit the folding and faulting patterns. This can partly be seen in Fig. 7b. This shows that the Chott el Fedjadj anticline has been breached as a result of two major faults parallel to the fold axis which have led to the downfaulting of the sediments in the crest of the southernmost fold. Undoubtedly other minor parallel faults exist within the structural association, particularly tensional faulting in the upper strata of the fold where the hinge angles were far less acute than in the deeper strata. Faulting parallel to the fold axes probably therefore partially accounts for the dominant direction of alignments of spring mounds in the area. However in the core of the anticline, under Quaternary playa sediments, sedimentary strata, undercrop with a strike parallel to the fold axes as well. Some of these horizons particularly the sandstones, are known aquifers. It is likely therefore that some of the linear alignments relate to spring lines along junctions between aquifers and aquLcludes under the playa sediments. The strata subcrop is also probably responsible for the extent of the spring nound field in the south-west Chott el Fedjadj. Particularly the fact that it is found only in the southern part of the chott and that there is no equivalent to the north. The secondary lineament direction is orthogonal to the main direction. It is a well known physical phenomena that jointing and faulting patterns related to stress release occur in brittle materials perpendicular to the main stress directions (Park, 1983; Whalley, 1976). If this is the case in this area on a large scale then the secondary lineament direction can also be explained in terms of the folding of the Chott el Fedjadj anticline. There is evidence to support this hypothesis along the southern limb of the anticline. Here the resistant dolomitic limestones which form a number of cuestas, the highest of which is the Djebel Tebaga, display a regular series of wind gaps orientated perpendicular to the fold axes and parallel to the secondary lineament direction (Fig.3). These can be seen as continuations of the lineaments on the imagery and therefore are related to the hypothesised faulting and jointing beneath the playa sediments. 610

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