Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [TP-5 DATA STABILITY AND CONTINUITY]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: DATA STABILITY AND CONTINUITY FOR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING: SOME BOUQUETS AND BRICKBATS. F. J. Ahern

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

DATA STABILITY AND CONTINUITY FOR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING: SOME BOUQUETS AND BRICKBATS F.J. Ahern Canada Centre for Remote Sensing ABSTRACT Absolute radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and georadiometric corrections are all essential for long term global monitoring, in order to enable researchers to distinguish real changes from artifacts caused by sensor drifts and mis-calibration, atmospheric changes, and changes caused by differences in illumination and viewing geometry. In addition, long-term data sets are required for global change studies. Much progress has been made in optical sensor calibration since the first Landsat MSS, which began its remarkable record of nearly continuous earth observation in 1972. The designers of the MSS, especially Jack Lansing and Virginia Norwood of the Hughes Santa Barbara Research Center, recognized the need for absolute radiometric calibration, and devised a method using an on-board calibration lamp as a reference. John Barker has done the world a tremendous service through the effort he has made in MSS and TM absolute calibration. He has set a high standard for all other optical sensors to try to match. Also, his enthusiasm has been infectious, and he has undoubtedly convinced many key people of the importance of accurate, precise radiometric calibration of earth-observation sensors. LANDSAT represents the best long-term global data source. It is reasonably well calibrated, data go back to 1972, and the data flow been essentially continuous. Considering its value, it has been under-appreciated, by its parents, NASA, and even more by its step-parents, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The wavering commitment by the US to a long term LANDSAT program has aroused worldwide concern. While many global environmental monitoring objectives could be met with serious commitment to continuity in the LANDSAT and NOAA series, this fact often seems lost in the glare of publicity for the massive, complex Eos. Data from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor provide data which nicely complement Landsat MSS and TM data for global change studies. Jim Tucker of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center deserves credit for recognizing, demonstrating, and supporting the use of AVHRR data for global environmental monitoring. NOAA satellites each have frequent temporal coverage (twice per day) of the entire Earth, at the expense of spatial resolution (1km). However, much more work needs to be done on AVHRR calibration to provide the confidence necessary for global environmental monitoring. One serious impediment to AVHRR calibration has been NOAA’s policy of stockpiling sensors years before they are needed. This has resulted in poor calibration and obsolescence. In addition, only recently have NOAA scientists, engineers, and management appreciated the calibration problem and how it affects long term global change studies. The commitment to both data continuity and calibration by the SPOT program has been very reassuring, but SPOT data are very expensive and the areal coverage is too limited for global change studies except through a sampling approach. Nonetheless, the present situation is far from gloomy. LANDSAT 5 is still working, LANDSAT 6 is under construction, and the US is beginning to make serious plans for LANDSAT 7. The continuity of the SPOT and NOAA series seems assured, and the Japanese are beginning to launch and maintain high-resolution optical-band satellites. Organizations proposing SAR satellites are taking calibration seriously. Although SAR satellites are twenty to twenty five years behind their optical counterparts in the development of a continuous earth-observation 136

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