Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [WA-1 KNOWLEDGE-BASED TECHNIQUES/ SYSTEMS FOR DATA FUSION]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: A QUASI-INTELLIGENT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM. K. Becek, and J. C. Trinder

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

A QUASI-INTELLIGENT GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM K. Becek (Research Associate) and J.C. Trinder (A/Professor) School of Surveying University of NSW Sydney, Australia ABSTRACT The improvement of any software package is mostly aimed at reducing the average time required to complete a typical task. There are two ways to achieve this: * by improving the algorithm used in the software package, * by transferring some functions which are performed by an operator to the software package. The topic of the paper is to present some suggested improvements in GIS software which have been achieved through an implementation of procedures which result in the system having a measure of quasi-intelligence. The procedures were implemented into an experimental GIS which has been developed for the purpose of testing procedures only. The concept of the procedures is based on some ideas originating from cybernetics, information and system theories. However, the software package is still in a development stage and requires further improvements but it shows that it is more effective and user-friendly than traditional solutions of GIS software. Key words: G.I.S. Software, Artificial Intelligence, Data base. 1. GENERAL REMARKS The human environment is filled with various physical objects such as houses, people, animals, plants, clouds etc. The geographical environment can be considered as a certain subspace of this environment. The objects, which exist within this subspace create different structures, for instance geological, topographical, urban, legal and others. These structures (organisations) are the subject of research to identify rules which determine the principles of their creation. This procedure is necessary as we attempt to describe how human activity in the geographical environment could become more responsible and economically optimal. However, before we start to identify these rules, we have to prepare a comprehensive list of the objects which exist in the geographical environment. Geodesy and mapping are the sciences which provide methodology and technology for the preparation of the list. The map is a traditional product of this process of collection and storage of all information about the geographical environment. The latest developments in mapping have resulted in the GIS, which apart from providing storage of information, is equipped with tools to extract and present certain objects of the environment individually or in combination with others, which are of interest to particular users. The concept of an Information System has its " ideological " origins in the pioneering works of Norbert Wiener on cybernetics (Wiener 1948), of Claudie Shannon on information theory (Shannon 1948) and the subsequently developed system theory (Director 1971). Information handling, feedback, adaptation of the system are the central terms used in these theories. These terms, however, with slightly different meanings, are being used in the field of Information Systems. These sciences, principally cybernetics, aim to replace human activities by machines, such as robots, and are even extended to the thinking process and intelligence itself. Taking into account the "ideological connection" between Information Systems and cybernetics, this paper will concentrate on the possibilities and consequences of creating such an Information System, which in its operation would perform intelligently, similarly to the cybernetic tortoise, which keeps following the source of light. The problem of the understanding of intelligence will be discussed first of all. A definition of intelligence which is acceptable to everyone, will probably never be formulated. A review of many attempts at a definition of intelligence is given by Simons (Simons 1984). The reason for this is simply that an observer who has never viewed the outside of a home, cannot describe the outside, if he/she is positioned inside. If somebody does go outside the house and returns to relate what he/she has seen, the person inside would not understand the story. The description of intelligence is a similar problem: it depends on the intelligence itself, and for this reason a perfect definition of

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