Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

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Persistent identifier:: 856665355

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts ; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856665355

Language:: English

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 856669164

Title:: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring

Sub title:: techniques and impacts; September 17 - 21, 1990, Victoria Conference Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Scope:: XIV, 912 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1990

Place of publication:: Victoria, BC

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Identifier (digital):: 856669164

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(28,7,1)

Language:: English

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Editor:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2016

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [WA-4 GLOBAL MONITORING (2)]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING WITH SAR: A SIX-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL APPLICATIONS. J.B. Mercer, M.D. Thompson, D. R. Inkster

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

273 ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING WITH SAR: A SIX-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL APPLICATIONS J.B. Mercer Manager, Special Applications M.D. Thompson Manager, Resource Information Services D.R. Inkster Manager, Business Development ENTERA Technologies Ltd. Calgary, Alberta, Canada ISPRS COMMISSION VII Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used extensively for environmental mapping worldwide over the past six years, and shows promise of even greater application for a range of earth environment mapping and monitoring in the near future. The present paper examines the environment-related uses of INTERA’s STAR Systems: digital airborne SAR systems in operation since 1983 which have completed data acquisition of over 50 million square kilometres worldwide. The STAR systems (STAR-1 and STAR-2) have been used for a range of environmental mapping applications: sea ice mapping and monitoring, forest cover and forest depletion monitoring, agricultural crop inventory and monitoring, environmental emergencies such as oil spills and flooding, land use mapping, soil capability mapping, environmental impact assessment (related to geological explo ration, forestry and agriculture) and topographic mapping. Programs have been carried out in North, Central and South America, in southeast and central Asia, in Europe, in Africa and in Australia. System developments since 1983 have improved such capabilities as data turnaround, user-specified products, georeferencing capability, digital analysis methodology and expert systems applications for environmental applications. Further such developments and expanded environmental applications are planned for the future. Key Words: Radar, SAR, Environment, Topographic Mapping, Forestry, Sea Ice, Environmental Impact, Environmental Emergencies INTRODUCTION Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been used worldwide for environmental mapping over the past six years. Since 1983, digital high resolution airborne SAR data have been acquired over 50 million square kilometres with the STAR systems of INTERA Technologies Ltd., of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Based on the work completed to date in the fields of sea ice mapping and monitoring, forest cover and forest depletion monitoring, agri cultural crop inventory and monitoring, environmental emergen cies such as oil spills and flooding, land use mapping, soil capa bility mapping, environmental impact assessment, and topo graphic mapping, SAR has been demonstrated to have even greater application for a range of earth environment mapping and monitoring in the near future. Concurrent with the development of such new applications for radar data, have been continued system developments and improvements to further the environ mental uses and applicability of these data. The following sections describe the environment-related uses of the STAR systems, STAR system developments, and an outlook to the future of airborne radar. CURRENT STAR SYSTEM STATUS INTERA owns and operates two SAR systems at the present time: STAR-1 and STAR-2. STAR-1 System The STAR-1 system is a fully digital, lightweight X-band syn thetic aperture radar system (Nichols et al. 1986) which has been operational since 1983 in a Cessna Conquest aircraft. It has two modes of data acquisition: standard resolution (6x12m) and high resolution (6x6m). The system in single polarized, transmitting and receiving in HH mode, and includes a seven-look real-time processor and display. The system was initially used for ice reconnaissance in the Canadian Arctic, but since about 1985 has been used extensively for terrain and resource surveys. Over 50 million square km have been imaged with this system, in the Arctic (for ice monitoring, about 35 million square km) and worldwide (about 15 million square km) for geological explora tion, forest management programs, land use and environmental programs, etc.). The SAR data have also been used in the STARMAP topographic mapping process, which creates topo graphic maps and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from stereo high resolution STAR data (Mercer etal. 1989; Mercer and Kirby 1987). Typical output products from this system include computer compatible tapes; stereo flightline prints (typically 1:250.000 scale for standard resolution and 1:100.000 scale for high reso lution data); and digital mosaics (at similar scales). The STAR data represent a significant improvement over earlier generations of side-looking airborne radars and synthetic aperture radars because of the fully digital capability, high quality/high resolu tion image information, low cost (compared to previous systems flown in much larger airborne platforms), and digital mosaicking capabilities, in addition to the optional production of digital topographic information from the stereo high resolution data. As a result, such data are now being applied to much more rigorous mapping programs than before.

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