171 
: the Geographic 
currently being 
> the existing 
r the storage, 
f all types of 
patial data of 
GIS ares 
levance for the 
il datasets, and 
o the LANDSCAN 
their Systems 
.ng key areas of 
d display 
tisfaction 
¡rience of many 
:s of satellite 
:andard LANDSCAN 
Dcessing System, 
recommend it for 
[corporation of 
il maps to be 
Lied to Digital 
hanced visual 
nhanced by the 
rly: 
ftware: 
ary (IPL) 
interface 
:he GIS is being 
ng 
on 
c images. 
the following; 
AVHRR 
- Meteosat 
Aircraft MSS 
- Seasat SAR 
SIR-B SAR 
SAR 580 Campaign 
- Image formats (future) 
Oceanographic (ERS-1, NROSS, Radarsat) 
- ESA ERS-1 campaign data 
Simulated SAR imagery (European SAR 
database) 
- Geophysical data 
Oceanographic (SST, significant wave 
height) 
- Meteorological (temperature, pressure, 
rainfall) 
Field surveys (land use, soil type, 
geology) 
- Data collection platforms (DCPs) 
Digital map data 
- Urban, political and administative 
boundaries 
- Contour lines 
- Soil, geological, hydrological 
- Land/sea interfaces 
Digital terrain models 
- Height 
Slope 
Aspect. 
5.5 GIS functions 
Amongst the main tools the GIS will provide are: 
Overlay of maps on images 
Update of existing maps using imagery 
Incorporation of sparse geophysical datasets 
Use of maps in contextual classification of 
images 
- Terrain model analysis 
5.6 Output data 
The primary output will be in the form of images and 
overlays on the GEMS display. 
Secondary output in the form of statistics, tables 
and other alphanumeric information will be available 
on the Facit Twist terminal and at line-printer 
output from the existing LANDSCAN facilities. 
Should a colour plotting device be available, 
"customised" maps will be produced from GIS output. 
5.7 Operator control 
The operator control of the LANDSCAN MMI has several 
features which suit it to GIS control: 
Menu system is easy to learn and understand 
- Image or geographic coordinates can be used 
Use of overlay planes allows data to be 
instantly superimposed 
Terrain models easily analysed by density 
slicing. 
Other options to be considered for the GIS 
include: 
Expert systems development for data 
interrogation 
Readback of cursor position in map coordinates 
- Specification of features by cursor pointing 
- More "natural language" input. 
5.8 Database management 
The LANDSCAN system design is based on a review of 
existing GIS. A major stumbling-block to successful 
GIS development in the past has been the design of 
Geographic databases from a computer science 
viewpoint with too little attention paid to the 
actual end-user. 
To counter this the database for the LANDSCAN 
system is as flexible in design as possible with the 
major considerations being: 
The actual user requirements 
The particular characteristics of the data to 
be incorporated 
- The output format desired by the user. 
6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The authors wish to express their thanks for the 
contribution made by the CLOUDSCAN development team 
to the paper and are specifically indebted to the UK 
NRSC for their support and encouragement. 
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