303
Table 1. Summary of vibrational features according
to Siegal et al. (1980).
Constituents modes bands in p.m
h 2 o
0H'
oxides
carbonates
phosphates
sulphates
gypsum
silicates
symmetric stretch 3.106
asymmetric stretch 2.903
H-O-H bend 6.08
stretching fundamental 2.77
Al- or Mg- OH bend 2.2 or 2.3
Al- OH bend 11
fundamental 5
7, 11-12
9.25, 10.3
9, 10.2
overtones and combina
tion of OH stretching
in molecular water 1.75, 2.3
fundamental bending mode
of constitutional water 6
Si-0 bending around 5
Si-0 stretching 10
H-O-Al bending 11
Si-O-Si, Al-O-Si
stretches 12-15
Table 2. Main infrared absorption bands of humic
acids after Flaig et al. (1975).
modes
bands in pm
C-H
C-H, c-h 2 , c-h 3
carboxylate ion
C=0
C=C
NO
C=C
C-H deformation
salts of carboxylic acids
C-0
3.25-3.30
3.39-3.50
3.50-4.00
5.80- 6.10
6.10-6.31
6.50
6.60
6.80- 7.05
7.20-7.50
7.80- 8.80
The data presented in Fig. 2 on the atmospheric
absorption, and those on spectral features of soil
and mineral constituents (Fig. 3 and tables 1 and
2), together with the well known spectral features
of vegetation, guided the choice of the MARCS
bands. With regard to vegetation, one additional
band (nr. 4) is introduced for detection of
physiological damage. The information which may be
obtained from the selected channels is given in
table 3.
Table 3. Information potential of the MARCS bands.
MARCS band in pm Information potential
1.
0.
,31-0.
40
2.
0.
O
1
in
'd-
52
3.
0.
,53-0.
58
4.
0.
,58-0.
63
5.
0.
,63-0.
68
6.
0.
.75-0.
85
7.
0,
.84-0.
90
8.
1.
.00-1.
10*
9.
1,
.60-1.
68
10.
1,
.72-1.
78
11.
2,
.10-2.
25*
12.
2,
.32-2.
38
13.
3.
,40-4.
10
14.
4,
,50-5.
20*
15.
9.
.00-10
'.00*
16.
8.
.00-13
1.00*
Fe**, Fe** *
Fe**, Fe***, blue absorption by
plants
green reflectance of plants
physiological damage of plants
red absorption by plants, red
reflectance of soils
NIR reflectance of plants
Fe***, NIR reflectance of plants
NIR reflectance of plants
reference for plant and soil
reflectance
OH in gypsum
OH, A1-0H, MgOH
C0 3 ", OH in gypsum
C-H, c-h 2 , C-H 3
oxides, Si-0
phosphates, sulphates, Si-0
A1-0H, carbonates, H-O-Al
* indications on plant and soil moisture
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