CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey
engineers for historical development, topography, vegetation,
land use pattern, transportation network etc. (Duran, 2002).
The GIS is a relatively new technology that joins the computer
science advantages with the modern systems of capture of data,
so that it allows the integration and the treatment of all type of
information of a computer team, in a simple way on the part of
any user that requires to work with this information. A GIS
include software and hardware tools, and a group of procedures
elaborated to facilitate capture, edition, administration,
manipulation, analysis, modeling, representation and exit of
spatial referenced and semantic data, to solve any type of
planning, administration, storage, and so on information
concerning problem (Hernan-Perez, 2001).
With the advent of geographic information systems, a powerful
method is available to store graphical and descriptive data with
all their links. Digital photogrammetry and the GIS provide a
group of advantages and benefits in the architectural tasks
impossible to obtain with such an efficiency, velocity and
economy by means of other procedures.
5. CASE STUDY
5.1. Photogrammetric Documentation of Opera House
In this contribution, Opera House in Hannover (Germany) was
choosed as a historical building (Fig. 1) and, eighteen photos
that surround this building, which were taken by one of the
Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation’s staff in
Hannover, were used. The images were taken with Olympus
E10 digital camera with 2240x1680 geometric resolution and 9
mm focal length. This camera produces RAW, TIFF and JPEG
images, normal and automatic exposition, 4x zoom and black
and white control. The camera has been calibrated, so it’s
principle distance, radial and tangential distortion is known
(Wiggenhagen, 2002). In addition to these images, an image
map that shows cadastral situation of the building in tiff format
was used as a base platform.
Figure 1. The image of Opera House
Photo Modeler software by EOS Systems Inc. was used for
photogrammetric evaluation. The Canadian PhotoModeler
Software Package is well known as a low cost 3D-measurement
tool for architectural and archeological applications. It is a
Windows based software that allows measurements and
transforms photographs into 3D models. The image coordinates
of corresponding points and control points were measured
manually and the images were oriented automatically. After the
facades of building was identified as a surface patches, the
wireframe and photo-texture model were built up using the
oriented images (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).
Figure 2. Wireframe Model of Building in Photo Modeler
Afterwards, created 3D model of building was transferred to 3D
DXF file to visualize and to relate with its attribute data in GIS.
Figure 3. Photo-texture Model of Building Created by Photo
Modeler
5.2. Visualization and Querying of the 3D Model in GIS
The 3D DXF file created in PhotoModeler is converted to SHP
file format in ArcView. Base map with control points is
imported to ArcView program. A georeferencing has to be done
to make association between base map and 3D model to see
them together in 3D scene. With the help of the TFW (world
file for tiff image) file belongs to ArcView, base map is
registered and transformed into same coordinate system with
3D model.
