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CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey
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It was a good opportunity, that in 1993 the National Technical
University of Athens and the University of Athens joined forces
to confront this task, having at the same time the full support of
the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate. The fieldwork was extended
to seven consecutive monthly campaigns from 1993 to 1999.
Every year a team of surveyors, architects, photographers and
archaeologists worked in harmony for the collection of the field
data.
THE GEOMETRIC DOCUMENTATION OF THE
CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE
2.1 Description of the Monument
The Church of the Anastassis in Jerusalem comprises within its
walls the main large Greek Orthodox church, the Katholikon,
the Holy Rock of Golgotha, the Tomb of Christ and the place
where the Holy Cross was discovered. Adjacent to these main
places of worship and pilgrimage are numerous little chapels,
monk cells, store rooms, corridors and staircases, extending to
approximately 12000 sq. metres in plan area and to about 35
metres of height difference. The main building complex has
common borders with the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, the
Syrian Patriarchate, the Roman Catholic Monastery, the
Ethiopian Monastery and a series of little stores (Figure 2).
also because of the unnecessary accuracy required for the larger
scale.
2.3 Personnel & Instrumentation
This work has been an excellent example of interdisciplinary
collaboration. Even the initiative was the inspiration of an
Architect and a Surveyor. The team, who have been working in
situ for seven consecutive years for one month, comprised four
Surveying Engineers, two photogrammetrists, two
photographers, two architects and an archaeologist. All of them
worked in harmony in order to complete the difficult task.
For the necessary data collection the most technologically
advanced instrumentation was used. For the survey
measurements a Leica T1610 electronic theodolite equipped
with the reflectorless DIOR 3002S EDM was used. This
instrument ensures the accurate measurement of distances
without the need for a reflector, thus enabling the pointing and
determination of remotely situated points in the vast Church
complex. For the photogrammetric takings two metric terrestrial
cameras were employed. A Wild P31 (10x12.5 cm 2 , with a 45
mm lens) and a Zeiss (Jena) UMK 1318/100 were mainly used
with black and white cut film of 125 or 400 ASA sensitivity.
However, in a lot of cases the 6x6 amateur Hasselblad camera
was employed, in order to confront situations, where the other
two were unable to.
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Figure 2: The Church of the Anastassis, Jerusalem
2.2 Drawings to be compiled
The determination of the final drawings to be produced by this
effort was not decided until after the third campaign. This was
due to the fact that understanding such a complicated
monument and grasping its details need some time of
familiarization. Finally, the production of a total of 25 main
drawings was decided. They included horizontal and vertical
sections through the main parts of the monument. Initially a
scale of 1:20 was considered. However, later the scale of 1:50
was preferred, because of the size of the resulting drawings, but
Premarking of control points was decided in most cases, as this
ensured high accuracy. It should be noted that all care was
taken not to harm the monument in any case.
The instrumentation was completed with two PC’s, which were
installed at a nearby office, and were used for downloading the
field data and performing initial calculations, in order to ensure
data integrity before leaving Jerusalem. Moreover all necessary
parnaphernalia were also used to set up a fully fumctional
darkroom for making sure that all photographs have been taken
correctly.
2.4 Data Collection
The field work was executed for one month each year for seven
consecutive years. The data collected during those 210 days
comprised:
• Establishment and measurement of 150 theodolite
stations
• Determination of 23000 geodetically measured
points, including control points, section points, detail
points etc.
• 1500 metric and 500 non-metric images for
photogrammetric processing
• 2000 photographs taken for documentation purposes
All collected data were suitably archived on site. Especially for
the measured points a special codification was devised, in order
to enable the own developed calculation software to distinguish
the various kinds of points.
Each point was codified with a six digit number, the fields of
which had a special meaning:
B C
D E F
