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CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey
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16 MB Graphic Card.
750 with 250 MB RAM, 20 GB HDD,
2.1 General Structure and Content of the Assessment
Method
In building up the assessment method, specification of the
context, objectives of the study and competencies of the tool are
considered prominently as the three major components of the
study.
As the basic specification of the context, multi-layeredness, has
been effective in determining the elemental phases of the study
and in defining the means of dealing with data of
spatiotemporal / multitemporal character. Accordingly, the
common concepts and methods used by disciplines for which
stratification is of major concern, namely archaeology and
geology, and the models developed for the conception of time /
space relationship by cartography, contributed to the formation
of the method of this study.
Conserving, sustaining, enhancing the material remains and
traces constituting the multi-layered character of the urban form
is the aim of this study. Thus, allowing efficient and sufficient
integration of the data concerning historical stratification into
conservation decision-making process is defined as the main
objective. Consequently, the elements of urban form of
different periods and the information necessary for identifying,
understanding, evaluating them for conservation decision
making played an important role in the configuration of the
method and its content.
Last but not least, GIS as the main tool of the study, has been
influential both in defining the major steps to be followed and
in determining the data types, format and structural scheme of
the method.
Accordingly, the major phases of the study, which are achieved
through a thorough study and evaluation of stratigraphic studies
and GIS based ones, are (Bilgin Altinôz 2002: 134):
• Identification of layers, determination of stratigraphic units
and their stratigraphic sequences
• Stratigraphic recording and representation:
• Data collection, entry and correction
• Collection and classification of raw data
• Conversion of raw data into digital data
• Data storage, structuring and retrieval: Constitution of
GIS data model
• Spatial data structure
• Attribute data structure
• Stratigraphic correlation, analysis and evaluation: Data
manipulation and analysis
• Presentation of results: Data visualization, output and
reporting
2.1.1 Identification of Layers, Determination of the
Stratigraphic Units and Stratigraphic Sequence: The layers
of historical stratification in Bergama are identified considering
the interfacial changes, which correspond to major events
reflected in the physical structure of the town, and the major
periods defined for Bergama in literature. Accordingly, the
layers constituting the historical stratification in Bergama come
out to be Early Hellenistic (Philetarian town - 3 nd century
B.C.), Late Hellenistic (Eumenes’ extension - 2 nd century
B.C.), Early Roman (1st century B.C. - 2nd century A.D.), Late
Roman (3rd century A.D.), Early Byzantine (4th - 6th
centuries), Middle Byzantine (7th - 10th centuries), Late
Byzantine (11th - 13th centuries), Karesi Principality (1300 -
1330), Ottoman (1330 and 1923), Turkish Republican (1923
onwards) periods.
Even though these periods form up the layers of the town, like
it is in every kind of stratigraphic studies, they do not directly
correspond to the units of the decision supporting study. The
units of the study are decided upon the divergences and
similarities of the urban and architectural properties.
Thereupon, for this study, the units are determined as
Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Principalities, Ottoman Periods
and Existing town, considering the differentiation in
architecture and / or urban form, as well as the existence of data
about them (figure 1).
Figure 1. The major events, layers and units in relation to
stratigraphic sequence in Bergama (Bilgin Altinôz
2002: 162).
E X I S T I N G®2 SITUATION
ESTABLISHMENT Of TURKISH RE PUBI 1C
> PERSIAN ATTACKS
T*« GOTH OCCUPATION
Ts
30 {► lEGAl UNTTION TO ROMAN EMPIRE
133 > DEATH Of IIATTAID- PERGAMON WAS LEFT TO ROMANS
It < 197 ... > REIGN OF II. EUMENES
► ESTABLISHMENT Of PERGAMON KINGDOM
BY PHIETAIROS
UNITS LAYERS SRATIGRAPHIC
SEQUENCE
(CENTURY)
2.1.2 Stratigraphic Recording and Representation: In
recording and representing multitemporal / spatiotemporal data,
models developed for the conception of time / space
relationship, the methods of representation used by disciplines
dealing with stratification, and the structure and data model of
GIS are considered with regards to the objectives and content of
the study.
Information about historical stratification necessitates
comprehensive information about the urban form of each
stratigraphic unit and their relation with each other. Therefore,
among various models developed for the conception of time /
space relationship, sequent snapshots model, which reflects the
state of layers at the interfaces, is found to be the most proper
model for recording and representing multitemporal spatial data
concerning historical stratification. Although, this model is not
mentioned as the most efficient model for GIS based studies
due to indirect indication of changes and production of
redundant data (Langran 1993: 37-43), it is the most common
