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The subjects related to the geometrical survey and
representation, on which the students made them effort
in practice, are:
the topographic survey (Figg. 1,2)
• the topographic project and survey of the networks to
support the different phases of the survey (Fig.1)
instrument: Total Station Wild-Leica TC 1610 for the
principal network;
• the topographic survey of the secondary networks
and of the control points for the rectification process
of images in the internal fronts of the Cast;
instrument: Total Motorized Station Leica TCA
2003;
• data processing;
least square adjustment proprietary software;
• topographic survey of the sections at the different
floor level to determine the profiles (vertical and
horizontal sections) and to obtain the thickness of
the structures in the different points non directly
measurable, the local deformations of the masonry
(the brick block one, the stone and mixed one) and
the superimposition of the different horizontal
sections;
instrument: Leica T480D with range finder DISTO
Leica;
• vertical section and surfaces of the fronts of the
Caste with total station no prism;
instrument: ALS (Auto Scanning Laser System) with
range finder LeicaAce;
the direct survey of architectural and technological
details
• the 2D/3D integration of the detail surveys to
produce vector restitutions (Fig.3);
software: AutoCad14w
photogrammetric and simplified methodologies of
raster-vector restitution
• the data acquisition to support digital
photogrammetric restitution (photogrammetric taken
acquired by metric and semimetric cameras, and not
calibrated cameras, digital and not);
instrument: Wild P31/100, WildP31/45, Rollei
(c150mm,40mm); NiKON E2/22mm (digital sensor
1240x1000), scanner 1200dpi;
• simplified methodology of survey, such as
rectification of images (Fig.4) for the metric
representation of the fronts of the Cast and for the
integration of the vertical sections with the internal
faces of the rooms (Fig.5);
software: RealView (Vectra srl, distributed by
Autodesk) for AutoCad14w
• photogrammetric restitution of the fronts and of some
details
analytical restitution (Digicart40 SISCAM); digital
restitution: StereoView (Menci srl) distributed by
NIKON
GIS and data Management
The students learned how to use GIS technology
approach in order to support different level of data
management and fields of applications from the
architectonic scale to the urban scale:
• GIS to support the different phases of the project of
conservation (Fig.5): the cognitive process, the
constructive and technological analysis, the materical
and stratigraphical analysis, maps of the degree,
maps of the pathologies, and at last the project of
the intervention on the monument;
• GIS to support the metric computation of the
intervention;
• GIS to set up an agile instrument to verify the
standard limits admitted by the low in the re-use
project (minimum surfaces admitted in function of the
use, height, window surfaces respect to the area of
the room, static requirement,...)
• “Pavia City of Art”: a GIS at the Urban scale to
create a detailed map of the risk of the Cultural and
Architectural Fleritage (Fig.6);
• GIS to support the tourist courses, differentiated in
function of the interests and of the historic range
and events, directly connected to the museum in a
virtual open museum on the city (Fig.7);.
• the Cataloguing management in the “Civici Musei del
Castello Visconteo di Pavia”: the Caste museum
doesn’t have an informatic archive of the
archaeological collections. On the base of the plan,
once surveyed, it has been created a GIS relating
the historic plan and documents of the Caste
(Fig.8). The ‘Sala IX’ has been chosen as a sample
room of the collection of the Caste to build a GIS
prototype. All the pieces of the collections, archived
on database access (containing the code number of
the collection, the description, the age and the
monument from which they came from), are
georeferenced to the fronts of the room (Fig.9). Since
the pieces come from different ancient monuments
and churches of the city of Pavia (in part destroyed,
in part conserved till now) the GIS allow to connect
also the traces of the monuments in the city map
“Pavia City of Art” to the elements in the expositive
hall of the Museum.
software: ArcView (ESRI), basic and GRID modules
database: Access and SQL connections to the GIS
Conclusion
The experience of this CPSA Esas School here related
can be positively considered, particularly considering the
great organization effort and the optimum results
produced, whose responsabiles are the professor
Riccardo Gaietto and of the professor Anna Spalla of the
DIET Dipartimento di Ingegneria Edile e del Territorio
dell’Università di Pavia.
All the following illustrations has been made by the
students of the School and are available on a CD
containing a free software viewer of the GIS created with
ArcView (ArcExplorer). Sincerely and heartily thanks go
to the students Elena Bacigalupi, Anna Brambati, Paola
Franceschi, Laura Giannecchini, Rita Gigante, Valeria
Gregotti, Davide Miniutti, Antonella Ponti for the co
operation during the school and the pubblications of the
works.
