be derived from the data captured with four CCD
sensors equipped with appropriate filters in the RGB
and NIR bands. These data will be used to produce
true-colour and false-colour composites based on the
orthophotos derived from the panchromatic three-
line CCD sensors.
Characteristic
Aerial film
camera
Airborne digital
sensor
Flying time
80%
100%
Photo lab
Yes
Unnecessary
12-bit in-flight
sensing
No
Yes
8/10-bit
scanning
Yes
Unnecessary
Data volume
80-50%
100%
Pre-processing
No
Yes
GPS
Yes (optional)
Very useful
INS
Unusual
Very useful
Projection
Interpolated
Interpolated
centres
(few)
(many)
Ground control
Yes, but few
Yes, but fewer
points
when using GPS
with INS/ GPS
Tie point
matching
Few - between
images
Many
Table 1. Features of aerial film camera and
airborne digital sensor
Fig. 15. The engineering model of LH Systems'
airborne digital sensor, which was successfully flown
in late 1998.
It is LH Systems’ intention to make the image data
format accessible to all third party remote sensing
software packages used for image enhancement and
image analysis. SOCET Set software will provide
basic image enhancement functions.
General
Principle
three-line CCD stereo sensor
Pixels per CCD Line
12,000
Pixel size
6.5 pm
Dynamic range
12 bit (raw data mode)
Radiometric resolution
8 bit
Normalisation mode
8 bit linear or non-linear
FOV (across track)
52°
Focal length
80 mm
Swath at 10,000’ flying
3,000m (1.9 miles) and 25
height (3,100 m)
cm ground pixel size
Stereo angles
17°, 25°, 42°
Recording interval per
line
1.2 ms
Filter range (at L50)
Panchromatic, 465nm -
680nm
Power
Input voltage
28 VDC or 220 VAC/50 Hz
Power consumption:
average /(peak)
Engineering model:
600 W/(1000 W)
Mass memory:
600 W /(600 W)
ASCOT: 80 W/(180 W)
Table 2. Specifications of the engineering model.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank DLR for its contributions to the
development of the engineering model and the test
flights. We owe special thanks to Dr. Reinhard
Schuster who provided the engineering model
calibration results used in this paper.
REFERENCES
Albertz, J., Ebner, H. & Neukum, G., 1996. The
HRSC/WAOSS camera experiment on the MARS96
mission - A photogrammetric and cartographic view
of the project. ISPRS Congress, Vienna, July 9-14.
Sandau, R. and Barwald, W., 1994. A three-line
wide-angle CCD stereo camera for Mars-94 mission.
In: International Archives of Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing, Vol. 30, Part B 1, pp. 82-86.
Sandau, R. and Eckardt, A., 1996. The stereo camera
family WAOSS/WAAC for spaceborne/airborne
applications. In: International Archives of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 31, Part
B1, pp. 170-175.
