ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, "Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS”, Bangkok, May 23-25, 2001 
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Impacts 
• Nutrients 
• Sediments 
• Pollutants 
Commercial distant water fishing 
Artisanal and commercial 
fishing 
Offshore fisheries 
International 
Water 
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Territorial sea 
(the oceanward 
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Inshore fisheries 
Economic 
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■ Agriculture • Port and 
■ Industry harbor 
■ Settlement • Aquaculture 
■ Urban • Coastal 
development tourism 
1 Forestry • Transportation 
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Fig. 1. Definitions of Coastal Zone of Different Disciplines (after Yanez-Arancibia, 1999). 
These applications mainly utilise the remotely sensed data, such 
as satellite, airphotos and sonar, combined with ground truth and 
other existing vector data layers. The GIS functions used in this 
type of application is mainly the clustering (or classification) 
techniques, image processing methods, raster-vector conversion 
and overlay functions. 
B. Environmental monitoring 
Environmental monitoring is one of the routine tasks in CZM, 
including water quality monitoring, habitats / boidiversity 
monitoring and beach watch. For example, Maktav et al. (2000) 
use GIS in monitoring of the sea turtle movement. Steve and 
Craig used GIS for tracking lobster in the East Coastal of 
Australia. Hecht (1991) carried a real-time monitoring of a bay, 
and Hooge, et al., (2000) has developed a more sophiciated GIS 
toolbox, named “the animal movement analyst extension (AMAE)’ 
with Arcview, for analysing animal movements in the marine 
environment. 
This type of application involves tagging samples and presenting 
result of sampling over geographic space and pattern changes in 
time. Linking spatial data and non-spatial data is the key 
functions in the exercise. 
C. Coastal processes modeling 
The modeling of physical environmental changes due to changes 
in the boundary conditions, ranges from simulation of effects of 
sea-level rise (Ruth and Pieper 1993, Grossman and Eberhardt 
1992, Zeng and Cowell, 1999, Henneck 2000), assessment of 
human intervention of shoreline change (Huang et al., 1999), and 
use of historical data to predict future coastline change (Sims et 
al., 1995) and study of beach morphodynamics (Humphries and 
Ligdas, 1997).