Fig.1 Example of deforestation in Thailand.
(Landsat MSS Dec.31,1984,M0S-1 MESSR Jan.20,1989)
Reds Grass,Bush ► Bare soil
Yellow: Forest Bare soil
Cvnri! Forest * Grass,Bush
4.FUTURE EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
4.1 JERS-l/ERS-1 System
Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1(JERS-1) will
be launched by H-I rocket in Feb.,1992. JERS-1
has two sensors: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
and Optical Sensor (OPS). OPS has 8 bands and
is covering from visible, near-infrared and
short-wave infrared. Spatial resolution is
improved from 50m of MESSR to 18m of OPS.Four
bands in short-wave region is useful to detect
minerals. By using band 3 (0.76-0.86 p) and
4(0.76-0.86 ^,stereo angle 15.3 degree), stereo
scopic capability can be obtained. SAR data is L
band HH (transmit horizontal polarization and
receive horizontal polarization) and has spatial
resolution of 18m (3 looks).
European Remote Sensing Satellite-l(ERS-l) will
be launched in 1991 and EOC/NASDA will receive
and process ERS-1 data. By using JERS-1 and
ERS-1, NASDA will conduct verification program
and will issue announcement opportunity (AO) for
JERS-1 and ERS-1. Concerning JERS-1, AO will be
issued to domestic and foreign organizations.
Concerning ERS-1, AO will be issued only to
domestic organizations. In these verification
programs, production of data sets will be more
important.
Data sets using OPS data and SAR data are
promising to distinguish land cover. Moreover,in
order to obtain contour line, datasets consisting
band 3 and 4 of OPS is useful where stereo angle
15.3 deg and B/H is equal to 0.3.
Concerning data sets using ERS-1 and JERS-1,there
is combination of L band SAR data of JERS-1 and C
band SAR data of ERS-1. By using two frequencies,
both land cover and ice type can be
discriminated.
Since there is one on-board data recorder mounted
on JERS-1, any scene in the world can be seen. As
an operation plan, SAR data will be obtained once
during two years and only VNIR(Visible and Near-
infrared radiometer) data of OPS data can be
obtained twice during two years for land area and
coastal region. Among OPS data.SWIR (Short Wave-
Infrared Radiometer) data will be obtained about
once during two years.
4.2 ADEOS System
ADEOS(ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite) will be
launched by H-II rocket in 1995. ADEOS will have
two core sensors: OCTS (Ocean Color and
Temperature Sensor) and AVNIR (Advanced Visible
and Near-Infrared Radiometer) and 6 AO
sensors. Among AO sensors, two sensors:
NSCAT(NASA scatterometer) and TOMS (Total Ozone
Mapping Spectrometer) are provided by Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goodard Space
Flight Center (GSFC).NASA,respectively. TOMS is
now mounted on Nimbus 7 and plays an important
role in detecting ozone hole in antarctica. ILAS
(Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer) will be
provided by the Environment Agency and will
detect ozone around north and south pole. CNES
will provide AO sensor POLDER which can observe
bidirectionality and polarization of the solar
radiation reflected by the atmosphere and can
monitor aerozol over ocean. IMG (Interferometric
Monitor for Greenhouse Gases) will be provided by
MITI and can detect greenhouse gasses such as
carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is increasing
sharply and will have great influence upon the
climate in the world. Concerning OCTS, spatial
resolution is 700m and swath width is 1400km.OCTS
