REPORT OF COMMISSION V GV-89 
and at the same time moves a new section of the block into the cutting plane. 
[naccuracies in regards to the amount the block has to be moved cannot occur, 
as angular movements are controlled by gearing, and straight movements by 
threads. This mechanical control of the block movements eliminates one set of 
dimensions from the carver's consideration. Measuring is entirely unnecessary. 
All the carver has to do is to alternate between tracing the outline of the pro- 
jected picture, and turning a handwheel to get a new picture on the screen and 
  
  
Fic. 5. Partially carved-out all- 
around portrait. 
Fic. 6. Fully carved-out portrait with all surplus 
stock cut away. 
a new section of the block into the carving position. With each new plane 
worked out on the block, the portrait, hidden in the block, comes more to life. 
After all section pictures have been projected and used for carving out their 
sections, the carving process is finished. Facing the carver now is a portrait of 
the desired size and with all features correctly proportioned and in their true 
positions. It must possess an unmistakable likeness. Without seeing the sub- 
ject the carver can produce a better likeness than the best sculptor can with the 
subject constantly before him. It is interesting to note that the portrait is 
carved out in an upside down position and that the carver need not look at the 
portrait while carving it. He only follows the picture outlines. 
To obtain different portrait sizes, either the size of the projected pictures 
or the ratio of the pantograph has to be changed. 
The material block, out of which the portrait is carved, is made of plaster 
of paris mixed with a large amount of water. Such plaster, when thoroughly 
dried, gives a solid of little weight, easily carved, possessing no grain, and with 
no shrink or change in shape. It must be sufficiently large in volume to contain 
the portrait, and to allow some stock to be removed in all directions.