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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TRAINING FOR GEOLOGISTS US.A~3 
incorporated many improvements for facilitating topographic mapping; these 
improved models made possible releasing a small number of earlier Kelsh instru- 
ments for training and experimentation in the special problems of geologic 
mapping. Similarly, a quantity of other photogrammetric equipment—cameras, 
stereometers, stereoscopes, and allied equipment—became available due to 
changes in our technical procedures. 
Our organization also has a staff of scientific and technical people from both 
the geologic and topographic fields that can concentrate on new problems and 
developments, and collaborate in a training program for geologists in the newer 
photogrammetric methods. The operations of a group such as this must be 
guided by a long-range plan. In this respect, an enlightened management which 
represented the two major fields of work, topography and geology, saw an oppor- 
tunity to develop a program which could lead to more and better geological 
mapping at lower cost. 
WORK OF THE INTERDIVISION COMMITTEE 
As a means of expediting joint efforts towards more efficient utilization of 
photogrammetric techniques in geology, the Chief Topographic Engineer and 
the Chief Geologist, in 1953, formed an Interdivision (Topography and Geology) 
Committee on Photogrammetric Techniques in Geology. Three representatives 
from each Division were appointed to form the committee. Among the objec- 
tives of this committee were the following: 
(1) Advising geologists in the proper use, limitations, and value of air photo- 
graphs. 
(2) Conducting a research program in photogrammetric instrumentation 
for field and office use in geologic mapping. 
(3) Considering problems brought to the committee’s attention and assisting 
in preparing plans and procedures. 
(4) Providing a training program to acquaint geologists with basic under- 
standing of photogrammetry. 
As the work of the committee progressed, it became increasingly clear that 
a training program in the fundamentals of photogrammetry was one of the most 
pressing needs. The committee first explained the rudiments of photogrammetry 
to any geologist desiring it, using the Multiplex for demonstration. This was 
considered an ideal instrument for the purpose; through its simplicity and 
directness most of the fundamentals of photogrammetry could be shown in a 
short time. Training soon became one of the early enterprises of the committee. 
Later it was decided to set up a more useful and comprehensive training 
course by providing a ten-day training period in which the basic principles 
could be given. Learning by doing was to be emphasized; students would learn 
by operating the different instruments to construct their own maps. Instruction 
was to be given by the members of the interdivision committee and by instruc- 
tors provided by the Topographic and Geologic staffs. Selection of candidates 
for the course was made by the Chief Geologist. Instruction at first was limited 
to groups of ten geologists in order to emphasize individual instruction in the 
operation of photogrammetric equipment; this was later increased to groups of 
sixteen. Provision was also made at a later date to include engineers and geolo- 
gists from other divisions of the Survey. 
SCOPE OF THE INTRODUCTORY COURSE IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY 
During the first week, following a description of the aims and purposes of 
the course, instruction is given in the use of double-projection instruments of