COMMISSION I 
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND NAVIGATION 
1. Anson, A. 
United States 
COLOR APPLICATIONS TO MILITARY 
GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE 
The requirements for Military Geographic Intelligence are as broad and varied as the disparate elements of 
the terrain. The type of information required cannot always be extracted from conventional aerial sensors. 
With color aerial photography the dimension of hue is added to those of length, width, shape, texture and 
shadow. A newly fabricated aerial cartographic camera is described with color correction capabilities (KC-4B); 
equipped with Automatic Exposure Control. Another method of collecting aerial color photography through 
the use of black and white imagery by multiband combination is discussed. Design and fabrication of the 
multiband camera is almost complete; a viewer is under contract. A third method for extracting color 
information from the terrain by color coding techniques which are used to make an optical record of the 
spectral reflectances is also discussed; preliminary results are shown. The purpose of the entire program is to 
optimize the collection of color aerial photography for man and machine processing with maximum 
resolution. 
2. Benesh, M. 
United States 
MARINER MARS ’71 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC 
CALIBRATIONS 
One of the major objectives of the Mariner Mars '71 mission was the systematic mapping of Mars. This 
required a complex and thorough photogrammetric calibration of both the wide-angle and narrow-angle 
cameras mounted on the spacecraft scan platform. These calibrations are routinely performed in conventional 
photogrammetry, and their technical aspects have been widely discussed at many conventions and sympo- 
siums, as well as in scientific journals. However, their application to extra-terrestrial mapping is severely 
limited, so that a completely new approach had to be developed. Because of the peculiarities of the TV imaging 
techniques (transmission quality, low resolution, electronic distortion, etc.), combined with the extremely small 
vidicon format, many unique difficulties were encountered and many unprecedented problems had to be 
solved. Their successful solution, based on experience gained by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory during the 
Surveyor and Mariner Mars '69 projects is discussed and the calibration procedure for the parameters of 
interior orientation, as well as for opto-mechanical orthogonality, is described in detail. These calibrations will 
result in a greatly enhanced mapping quality of the Mariner Mars '71 mission, and they will also be fully 
applied to all future space missions. 
3. Brock, G.C. 
Marchant, A.C. 
Williams, T.L. 
United Kingdom 
OTF STANDARDS FOR AERIAL MAPPING LENSES 
The present status of optical transfer function (OTF) measurement is discussed with reference to the ISP 
(International Society for Photogrammetry) interest in standards for mapping lenses. 
In a general review it is pointed out that OTF methods are now in widespread use and are of great value to 
industry because of their precision and speed compared with photographic resolution tests. However, 
comparisons between different laboratories show that the accuracy of off-axis measurements - though much 
better than in 1968 - is still not good enough for the immediate adoption of OTF standards. Nevertheless, since 
until now little effort has been expended in analysing the OTF performance of wide angle lenses, one can in 
the near future expect a reduction in known sources of error which will yield a satisfactory level of accuracy.