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4.7.1 A Sovietic Side-Looking Radar Called TOROS 
In Pravda, May 30, 1970, p. 6, some data were published concerning 
a Sovietic side-looking radar, called TOROS. This new radar was 
constructed by engineers in Leningrad in close cooperation with 
Arctic explorer and especially intended for ice reconnaissance. 
TOROS is the Russian name for hillocks of pressure ice and 
corresponds to the English term "Hummock" (a hillock of broken ice 
which has been forced upwards by pressure, according to WMO Sea- 
Ice Nomenclature). 
The Pravda reporter was aboard an AN-24 plane at an altitude of 7,000 m, 
when the SLAR gave pictures of the ground, comparable to good photos. 
Indicated radar pictures are simultaneously recorded on a photographic 
film with a breadth of 19 cm. By the aid of telephoto, the SLAR- 
pictures can immediately be sent to the icebreakers and the Central 
Office in Moscow as well. 
The TOROS is functioning quite independently of night-darkness, 
fog and thick clouds. 
Like a roentgen ray, its radar beam penetrates the snowcover, re- 
vealing the ice pattern, pack ice, snow-filled cracks, refrozen 
leads and polynyas, etc. 
At the XIIth International Congress in Ottawa, 1972, the Sovietic 
delegates presented the TOROS-system and delivered to the partici- 
pants a description of this very interesting Sovietic SLAR-system 
in English. 
The  TOROS-radar is working with two narrow beams directed per- 
pendicularly from the center line of the body of the plane. Para- 
bolic aerials, suitable for the SLAR, are arranged along the body.