character of the soils. A typical crop rotation sequence 
would be rye, sugar beets, spring barley, rye. Frequently 
one year grassland is included in the rotation. Development 
of winter cereals as compared to the rest of the country 
occurs at a medium to late date in fall. Summer crops with 
the exception of sugar beets are sown and develop early in 
Spring. 
5.4 Crop Calendar of the Hügelland Unit (Fig. 4) 
The third unit is the most heterogeneous. Farm sizes range 
on the average in dependence of location from 45 ha to 94 ha. 
Parcelling is very irregular dictated by the knob and kettle 
topography and the historical estate farming system (large 
parcels in eastern Holstein) or peasant farming (small 
parcelling in Angeln and NW-Holstein). The proportion of 
grassland is lowest (26 %) with the same crops and crop 
rotation systems predominating as on the West Coast. The 
inclusion of rye and the very high proportion of rape seed 
in the Oldenburg region is noteworthy. In comparison to the 
whole of Schleswig-Holstein, wintercrops with the exception 
of rape seed, develop at an early to medium date in fall. 
Spring crops are sown at an early to medium date in spring. 
4, Applications 
The most obvious application of crop calendar tables is the 
differentiation between crops, with the phases "coming into 
ear" and "yellow ripening" as one of the most useful. With 
digital processing, a computer fed with relative acreage of 
crops for a certain landscape may identify a crop by relating 
areas of similar spectral behavior on the image to agricul- 
tural statistics. At a later stage, when more experience has 
been gained with the seasonal change in the spectral ap- 
pearance, agricultural statistics may themselves be updated 
by remote sensing. 
Local drainage conditions and soils have a marked effect on 
the development and yield of crops (BAUMANN et al., 1974; 
FINCK, 1970; GEISLER, 1971; SCHROEDER, 1978). On large scale 
imagery from airborne multispectral scanning and photography, 
differences inside individual fields may be observed. Such 
phases as germination, coming into ear, yellow ripening and 
flowering may be affected and serve to highlight differences 
in soils. A crop calendar indicates best image taking time 
to show special effects. Furthermore, information may be 
gained if special effects on imagery are due to a case of 
crop disease and not just to a phenological phase about to 
occur. Last but not least, modern agricultural management 
practices like plowing, fertilization, and harvesting all 
leave their mark on an image. Although underlying human 
influence, climate and phenology still forces man to conform 
to a certain schedule activities in his field. A crop calen- 
dar may help in avoiding these time when soil differences 
on the fields are often covered or erased by human activi- 
ties. 
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
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