Figure 8 shows DEM using measurement results at 3 stations. It 
can be recognized that lack of measuring data is successfully 
performed. 
5. VISUAL TRAVERSE 
Visual traverse survey using ground based laser scanning 
sensor was proposed in this paper, and visual traverse survey 
were performed using the above procedures which were 
investigated in premeasurement. 
The followings are the major contents for the traverse area. 
Figure 9 (a) shows the scene from the station 2 and Figure 9 (b) 
shows the results of 3D traverse. 
+ Target: Baseball Field at TDU 
+ Measurement Area: 200m*200m 
+ Traverse Point: 6 points 
+ Length for leg of traverse: 390m 
(a) Measurement Area 
   
  
    
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
   
  
      
  
   
(b) 3D Image (1m mesh) 
Figure 9. Measurement Result of Visual Traverse 
5.1 Accuracy 
In order to evaluate the accuracy of visual traverse, traverse 
survey using total station (accuracy:2”, +(S+2ppmxD) mm)) 
was also performed at the same station. Accuracy for traverse 
by total station was 1/22,000, and accuracy for traverse by laser 
scanning sensor was 1/9,000. 
High accuracy was not estimated in comparison with total 
stations due to the accuracy of laser scanning sensor is £25mm. 
Nevertheless, it can be seen that good accuracy was acquired. 
Furthermore, take into account that 1/5000 ~ 1/10000 is 
demanded in general survey, it is concluded that traverse 
survey using laser scanning sensor is enough accuracy. 
6. CONCLUSION 
Visual traverse using ground based laser scanning sensor was 
proposed in this paper, and noise reduction and interpolation 
methods and unification of coordinate system were investigated. 
Visual traverse was performed, and it is recognized that the 
enough accuracy can be obtained. 
Consequently, it is concluded that ground based laser scanner 
will become useful tool in the topographic survey. In particular, 
the remarkable points as additional results are its ability to 
perform 3D visual traverse survey. 
Reference from Journals 
1. H.Masaharu, H.Hasegawa, 2000, Three-dimensional city 
modeling from laser scanner data by extracting building 
polygons using region segmentation method, International 
Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol.33, 
Part B3, pp.556-562. 
Reference from Website 
2. K. Kraus, N. Pfeifer, 2001. IAPRS Vol XXXIV, Part 3/WA, 
Annapolis, Maryland, USA “ADVANCED DTM 
GENERATION FROM LIDAR DATA”, 
http://www.ipf.tuwien.ac.at/np/articles+abstracts/annapolis_k 
rauspfeifer.pdf (accessed 15 Jun. 2002) 
Reference from Books 
3. David F. Rogers, 1985, Procedural Elements for Computer 
Graphics, McGraw-Hill, Inc. 
4. AutoDesk, 2000, AutoCAD 20001 User Guide, AutoDesk 
Inc. 
5. David C. Kay, John. R. Levine, 1995, Graphics File Formats 
Second edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc. 
298. 
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