Full text: Proceedings, XXth congress (Part 2)

d 2004 
NEW QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DIGITAL IMAGES 
G. Ferrano, K-J. Neumann, Ch. Doerstel 
Z/1 Imaging GmbH, Ulmer Str. 124, D-73431 Aalen, Germany, 
(Gert.Ferrano, Klaus.Neumann, Christoph.Doerstel) @intergraph.com 
Commision II Working Group 11/4 
KEY WORDS: Digital, Radiometry; Photogrammetry, Image, Scanner, Standards, Metadata 
ABSTRACT: 
With the transition from analytical to digital photogrammetry digital image data has become more important. Today digital image 
data acquisition is mainly based on scanned aerial film. The user is facing the problem to appraise the radiometric and the geometric 
quality of digital image data. If a scanning service provider will be mandated with the film scanning, a detailed specification of the 
project is requested. 
The German bureau of standards is currently working on a new set of standards for photogrammetric products. ( DIN 18740 ) A new 
standard * Requirements for scanned aerial images" is available as a draft. It describes on which technical parameters of 
photogrammetric scanners the user has to pay attention. This can have a big impact on the image quality. Furthermore it is described 
on how then user can specify and check the radiometric and geometric image quality. 
An attachment with a template for bidding of scan contracts is available for the user. This form can be used to specify the scan 
parameters, the data format, the meta data and quality reports. 
A second standard about the quality of digital images acquired directly with digital aerial cameras is currently in preparation. This 
standard will cover line sensors and frame sensor cameras. 
This papers reflects some ideas and fundamental knowledge concerning these standards and their usage. 
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: 
Mit dem Übergang von der analytischen zur digitalen Photogrammetrie wuchs die Bedeutung von digitalem Bildmaterial. Bis heute 
war die Gewinnung digitaler Bilddaten vor allem durch das Scannen von Luftbildern auf Filmbasis gegeben. Der Benutzer steht vor 
dem Problem die Qualität solcher digitaler Daten zu beurteilen. Falls ein Anwender das Scannen von Bildmaterial beauftragt, ist eine 
detaillierte Spezifikation solcher Projekte gefordert. 
Der deutsche Normenausschuss erarbeitet im Augenblick einen Satz von Normen für verschiedene photogrammetrische Produkte 
(DIN 18740). Eine neue Norm mit dem Titel “Anforderungen an das gescannte Luftbild” ist als Entwurf verfügbar. Die Norm 
beschreibt die technischen Parameter die der Anwender von seinem photogrammetrischen Scanner fordern kann. Dies hat eine große 
Bedeutung für die Bildqualität. Weiter wird beschrieben, wie der Anwender die Einhaltung der radiometrischen und geometrischen 
Qualität nachprüfen kann. 
Im Anhang der Normen werden Formblätter mitgeliefert, die der Anwender zur Beauftragung von Scanprojekten benutzen kann. 
Damit können Scan Parameter, Datenformat, Umfang der Metadaten und Qualitätsberichte festgeschrieben werden. 
Eine zweite Norm, welche sich mit der Qualität digitaler Bilddaten von digitalen Luftbildkameras beschäftigt ist in Vorbereitung. 
Diese Norm wird Zeilensensoren und Flächensensoren einschließen. 
Dieser Vortrag soll Überlegungen zu diesen Papieren und ihren Anwendungsbereichen zusammenfassen. 
e Radiometry, 
I. INTRODUCTION which includes 
o grey values within a certain dynamic range 
and 
A digital image in photogrammetry has to reproduce or objects o colours, when more spectral ranges are 
on earth as accurate as possible. overlapped to produce different colour 
output images. 
More exactly these are images of two dimensional planes, 
which intersect carth's surface. So called digital images mainly can be produced in two 
different manners. 
Different natural influences and technical features of the used These two possibilities are discussed in this paper: 
Systems determine the accuracy of this imaging and 
measurements within these images. * Analogue systems, which use a standard film based 
cameras for image exposure and a scanner to digitise 
We always have to keep in mind, that the measurement is done the stored image information. 
within an image and not at the object directly. * Digital cameras, based on line sensors or array 
sensors, which are able to store digital data directly 
during the flight 
The main aspects of image quality image are: 
e Geometry, 
with all aspects of the optical systems and sensors 
 
	        
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