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At a glance, GML is an XML-based common encoding 
for spatial features which: 
* Encodes geometry of geo-spatial features. 
* Provides a schema language for geo-spatial features. 
* Encodes non-geometric properties of spatial features. 
e Encodes feature relationships and feature topology. 
* Encodes temporal evolution of features and feature 
properties. 
e Enables standard methods for separating geographic 
content from presentation 
e Is foundation for Geo-Spatial Web (Its architecture is 
natively distributed and multi-server). 
6.3. SVG (Scalabale Vector Graphics) 
SVG is a language for describing two-dimensional 
graphics in XML. SVG allows for three types of graphic 
objects: vector graphic shapes (e.g., paths consisting of straight 
lines and curves), images and text. Graphical objects can be 
grouped, styled, transformed and composited into previously 
rendered objects. The feature set includes nested 
transformations, clipping paths, alpha masks, filter effects and 
template objects. 
SVG drawings can be interactive and dynamic. 
Animations can be defined and triggered either declaratively 
(ie., by embedding SVG animation elements in SVG content) 
or via scripting. 
Sophisticated applications of SVG are possible by use 
of a supplemental scripting language which accesses SVG 
Document Object Model (DOM), which provides complete 
access to all elements, attributes and properties. A rich set of 
event handlers such as onmouseover and onclick can be 
assigned to any SVG graphical object. Because of its 
compatibility and leveraging of other Web standards, features 
like scripting can be done on XHTML and SVG elements 
simultaneously within the same Web page. 
SVG is a language for rich graphical content. For 
accessibility reasons, if there is an original source document 
containing higher-level structure and semantics, it is 
recommended that the higher-level information be made 
available somehow, either by making the original source 
document available, or making an alternative version available 
in an alternative format which conveys the higher-level 
information, or by using SVG's facilities to include the higher- 
level information within the SVG content. [4] 
6.4. SensorML (Sensor Markup Language) 
Sensor Model Language (SensorML) is an XML-based 
standard format that provides an XML schema for defining the 
geometric, dynamic, and observational characteristics of a 
Sensor. SensorML is suitable for both in-situ and remote sensor, 
Whether mounted to static or mobile platform. The original 
SensorML, developed before any involvement of OGC, 
focused primarily on defining the geometric and dynamic 
Properties of remote sensors. But the last release (published by 
0GC in 2002-08-16) refines and extends the previous schema 
ünd description to support dynamic, static, in-situ sensors and 
remote sensors. 
To this end, the information provided by SensorML 
Includes: 
Observation characteristics: 
1151 
nsing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004 
e Physical properties measured 
temperature, concentration, etc.) 
* Quality characteristics (e.g. accuracy, precision) 
e Response characteristics spectral 
temporal response, etc.) 
Geometry Characteristics: 
e Size, shape, spatial weight function (e.g. point spread 
function) of individual samples 
* Geometric and temporal characteristics of sensor and 
sample collections (e.g. scans or arrays) that are 
required for metric exploitation 
Description and Documentation: 
* Overall information about the sensor 
* History and reference information supporting the 
SensorML document 
7. IMPLEMENTATION 
(e.g. 
radiometry, 
(e.g. curve, 
In addition, through this study an architecture 
Sensor Collection Service were preferred (figure 5-1). 
   
Sensor Register 
Collection ——————— Sensor ES 
Service gistry 
References . Observables 
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SVa a DEUM 
Thanks to the evolvement of Internet, it creates a lot of 
new markets and business models. The sensor web concept 
builds a framework, which provides greater opportunities for 
public organizations and private sectors to open up new 
markets and services. The architecture proposed here creates a 
near real-time on-line transaction environment for sensor webs. 
Upon the open and scalable architecture, public organizations 
can publish interfaces and APIs to share the information 
collected by their sensors to the public. For private sectors, for 
example, a sensor provider could sell the information collected 
by the sensor to customers in the form of pay per use or pay by 
data volume. 
The ability to locate, access, and use arbitrary sensors is 
one of the most challenging and practically relevant objectives 
in the design of open, distributed infrastructure for Sensors. 
And in dynamic, heterogeneous environments it is 
advantageous to allow late binding between sensors and clients; 
that is, a client will generally not know in advance where a 
desired sensor is located. In this architecture, Sensor Registry is 
the component that supports the run-time discovery and 
evaluation of available sensors offers. It provides a common 
mechanism to classify, register, describe, search (by using the 
benefit of metadata), maintain and access information about 
Sensors and other Web Services. 
4 
Registry is a key component in such a service-oriented 
architecture that manages shared resources and facilitates 
service discovery. In fact, Registry allows: 
e Sensor providers (Sensor Collection Service) to 
publish descriptions about sensors 
* Clients to discover information about sensors which 
meet clients’ interest.