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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B4. Istanbul 2004
standards for the establishment of GIS are as follows
(FGDC, 1996):
e Data standards
— Data classification
— Data content
— Data symbology or presentation
— A Data transfer
— A Data usability
e Process standards
— General (specific) data transfer
procedures
— Existing data access procedures
— A Classification methodology
— Data collection
— Storage procedures
— Presentation standards
— Data analyzing procedures
— Data integration
- Quality control and quality assurance
Nowadays, addition to these standards, copyright, publish
over internet etc. topics are added to the standards, and
documentation with CASE tools, project management
etc. topics will be added soon.
As far as GI (Geographic Information) standards are
concerned, GI actors first grouped themselves either on a
national or a professional basis. Thus national groups
gave birth to a first generation of national 'de jure'
standards such as National Transfer Format (NTF) in the
UK, EDIGéO in France, Spatial Data Transfer Standard
(SDTS) in the USA and Spatial Archive and Interchange
Format (SAIF) in Canada. Professionals also organized
themselves into international groups to create a first
generation of 'de facto' standards such as: Digital
Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST)
by the Digital Geographic Information Working Group
(DGIWG) of NATO, Transfer standard for digital
hydrographic data (DX-90/S57) of the International
Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and Geographic Data
File (GDF) by the automotive industry (Frank, 2000).
Whilst the digital spatial data standards were taken part in
four groups as institutional, regional, national, and
international standards, nowadays the groups are became
global-national standards owing to globalization efforts
like internet, e-Government and eEuropa. Nowadays,
"interoperability" concept is being researched and applied
for both the applications and the data.
4. AFAYBIS GIS STANDARDS
As far as eEuropa+ and e-Government (conversion)
action plans are concemed which are approved by
Turkish Government, it is notified that the current
standards will be used in actions directly or they will be
used after adapting them. Nevertheless, new standards
will be developed if necessary (EU a, 2002; b, 2001;
Circular, 2003).
Nowadays, INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in Europe) project has been carried out for
spatial data infrastructure for entire Europe (INSPIRE,
2004). It is planned EU Countries to make available their
core data and some thematic data over internet by 2015,
in direction of INSPIRE project standards and methods.
185
Therefore, member of EU countries and candidate
countries of EU are struggling to establish their own
NSDI. However the studies are being carried out for
years in some countries, the standards are not shared.
INSPIRE working groups are cooperating with ISO/TC
211 and adapting those standards to EU. Turkey is one of
the countries in the world which can not achieve the
NSDI. Some studies were made, however not finalized
(UBS, 1999). The 47" action of e-Government Circular
of Turkey is directly and 10 action of it is indirectly
related to NSDI and GIS. TKGM (General Directorate of
Land Registry and Cadastre) is planning to prepare a
report about this topic by 2004. Consequently, AFAYBIS
project is carried out according to the directions of
INSPIRE and ISO/TC 211.
After examination of the all standards and formations, It
has been decided to prepare feature attribute coding
catalogue (FACC), metadata, quality, application schema,
product, transformation, web portal and web mapping
standards and data model with UML. The standards of
the AFAYBIS project presented in the following sections
will be completed when 2" and 3™ phases of the project
are finished. The data which is collected from the
institutes will be converted in to required form of
standards in the beginning; afterwards data will be
obtained for updates in the form of the project standards.
4.1 The Data Standards
The topics covered by the data standard are as follows:
e Data classification, content
e Digitization, accuracy and quality
e Exchange format
e Standards of documenting
Mainly, FACC, metadata, data exchange with GML and
representation of models with UML are full filling the
requirements of this standard.
4.1.1 Feature Attribute Coding Catalogue (FACC):
The existing FACCs in Turkey are as follows:
e TABIS (Turkey Disaster Information System);
A Catalogue developed for the topography and
disaster management data in the accuracy of
1/5000 scaled map (ITU, 2002)
e Feature catalogue of regulations of large scaled
map and production of the map data (Proposal)
(HKMO, 2002).
e General Command of Mapping- DIGEST
FACC; A scale independent catalogue.
e National Information System (FACC): A
catalogue based on DIGEST- FACC (UBS,
1999).
As different from catalogues above, it is required to take
part the feature relationships and optionally operations
according to the ISO 19110 "Geographic Information -
Methodology for Feature Cataloguing” rules.
Additionally these are needed to be available in digital
form. As far as the existing catalogues are considered in
Turkey, one of the most suitable catalogues for ISO
19110 rules is TABIS. However, this catalogue is not
including the feature relationships, operations and
required some features and attributes.
