Figure /: Combination of TEM and SEM plots 
  
with technique of Shading 
Figute 5 : Plot from SEM micrographs 
Carbon Black type N-550 
SITUATION OF INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN 
HUNGARY 
by 
Dr. Maria Domokos 
Department of Photogrammetry 
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, BUDAPEST 
Introduction 
By way of introduction, let me point out that 
my lecture will only outline the relevant 
works in Hungary and recapitulate some expe- 
riences of my own work, 
I feel, earliest possibilities of applying 
photogrammetry are all present among the sub- 
Jects of what is actually called the job of 
industrial geodesy. Industrial photogrammetry 
may be old but it may be said to be new, as 
well, Actually, however, no exact definition 
‘of industrial photogrammetry can be given 
since its developing instrumentation and 
metrology are encroaching on ever larger 
fields of geodesy. Mereover the possibilities 
of not purely geometric data supply are in- 
creasing, let us only consider the great va- 
riety of physical characteristics delivered 
by remote sensing. It seems that some prob- 
lems of environmental engineering, such as 
determination of erosion and deflation, of 
the shape and temperature distribution of 
smoke columns of thermal power stations, of 
the pollution due to open-technology building 
material factories are accessible to the 
methods of terrestrial photogrammetry while 
great industrial pollutions may be followed 
up by certain methods of airborne photogram- 
metry. To be well done, these tasks require 
industrial photogrammetric methods. 
In this country, several factories, research 
institutes and university departments have 
been concerned with industrial photogram- 
metry on the levels of fundamental research, 
development, technical development and on 
factory level, Pertaining state specifica- 
tions contain chapters on industrial photo- 
grammetry and this applies with equal force 
to surveying, structural engineering, road 
and railway engineering, architectural etc, 
curricula, 
In spite of the wide range of its application 
industrial photogrammetry haven't got es- 
tablished on full scale in our country, Users 
look at the end products and at the capacity 
of industrial photogrammetry from the aspect 
of geodetical services. Though, basic prob- 
lems of information supply are known to differ 
by type between industrial geodesy and in- 
dustrial photogrammetry, This statement will 
be illustrated on a simple example: the "pri- 
mary event" in geodesy is measurement and in 
photogrammetry it is taking shots. Even de- 
nominations and demands are difficult to be 
reconciled, The preface of Everit L.Merrit’s 
Analytical Phtogrammetry contains some very 
interesting ideas worth recalling, 
«se». According to Merrit every branch of sci- 
ence and philosophy has developed its own 
terminology but this system of terms cannot 
be understood but by the "obsessed", Much 
as people have got known of the world, 
listening to their learned friends, they 
are compelled to realize that they cannot 
even understand what is known to them and 
what they are acquainted with, The gap be- 
tween actual life and science is increas- 
ing, Thus those who have lead and directed 
could not understand those who have neen 
thinking and those who wanted to know more, 
were unable to understand those who really 
knew all about the matter. 
These thoughts seem to be valid also in our 
line, 
1. Classification of the applied methods 
  
Industrial photogrammetry in Hungary may be 
classified into three large groups of meth- 
ods, The first group corresponds to terrain 
surveys of low accuracy demand, the second 
one is that of small survey in the local 
system, and the third includes measurements 
of special slight displacements, 
In particular, methods are the following: 
1,1 procedures replacing traversing, tachi- 
metry and Ievelling of lower order are 
aerial and terrestrial stereophotogram- 
metry. Photos may be of normal, oblique 
and general arrangement, Method of 
processing may be: simple graphic, some 
kind of optical methods (e.g. ortho- 
photo), instrumental analogous, semi- 
analytic or analytic. Observations may 
be four-dimensional in the stereo— 
time-basis method, 
  
  
1,2 Photogrammetric methods replacing ortho— 
gonal sighting on horizontal or vertical 
planes are the single-image methods 
of aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry. 
Photos are to be taken with sighting 
axes exactly or nearly vertical or normal 
to the object or terrain, Processing is 
done by graphic methods, optical proce- 
dures, some types of photomapping, and 
analytic methods, In case of time-de- 
pendent recording, observation is made 
by single-picture time-base recording, 
  
  
1,3 Photogrammetry replacing observations of 
displacements in space, in plane or in 
time of deformations, processes and of 
phenomena may involve any method of 
aerial or terrestrial photogrammetry. 
With such problems, however, primarily 
the analytic methods are of interest, 
but of no universal applicability (to be 
discussed later). 
  
2, Fields of application 
  
In years of practice, some routine applica- 
tions have developed in industrial photogram- 
metry, such ast 
2,1 Building topography: survey of outer and 
inner façades, roof cadaster making, 
surveying roof structures, surveying at- 
tic and basement spaces, surveying cor- 
ridors and inner rooms, building data 
banks for monuments, for dwelling 
houses and industrial premises (aerial 
stereophotogrammetry is often used for 
model making). The outlined works are 
done by various university departments 
and enterprises, for instance, about