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POTENTIAL AREAS LOCALIZATION FOR GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION AND RECHARGE IN 
PARAIBA DO SUL VALLEY USING TM-LANDSAT - SAO PAULO STATE-BRAZIL 
Célio Eustáquio dos Anjos 
Paulo Veneziani 
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 - Jardim da Granja 
Caixa Postal 515 - 12201 - Sào José dos Campos, SP, Brasil 
ABSTRACT: 
Viewing to the social economic importance of the Paraiba do Sul Valley, sao 
Paulo State - Brazil, a research work to identify the potential area 
groundwater recharge and 
exploration 
to orientate the regional 
development and planning, was carried out. This work was developed from 
analysis of the structures and tectonic datas of Landsat-TM image on 
crystalline terrain and was a part of a environmental zonning project. 
KEY WORDS: Remote Sensing - Groundwater Recharge Structural. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
The water supply has been a trouble in 
the region where there is a great urban, 
industrial and agricultural development. 
The wrong use of the areas of. the 
fountainhead wity the contamination of 
water sources by urban and industrial 
sewerage system and agro-toxin turn this 
water inappropriate to human consum. 
One way of helping the control and the 
reduction of the fountainhead polution, 
is to take a national using program to 
explore the groundwater, using a 
structural geological analysis, viewing 
to detect the best zones for recharge and 
the most favorable areas for groundwater 
exploration. 
We used remote sensing products (TM- 
Lanbsat) at 1:250.000 scale, and previous 
geologic works in a regional level. 
The results obtained were: map from 
structural lineaments and infered curves 
of the groundwater preferencial flux and 
map from the most favorable zones for 
recharge and groundwater exploration. 
Some considerations have to be made about 
these datas, because they don't givé a 
detailed tectonic and structural 
understanding.” Then the maps have been 
used according to their interpretative 
charater wich folows: 
a) The lineaments that represent zones of 
crystal weakness were normaly 
policiclic. 
b) The problable flow line of the 
subterraneous water obtained from 
assimetry and organization analisys of 
241 
the drainage pattern, shows one 
regional qualitative character. It 
doesn’t mean that the percolation process 
does not occur in different directions in 
disagreement with the indicated 
strikes when observed in detail. 
c) Places indicated as recharge sites 
ware more favorable but not the only 
ones. Other places can be found after 
detailed studies. 
d) Places indicated as the best to be 
explored in the map are also not the 
only ones. They only show the 
possibilities of groundwater occurence. 
They do: not exclude the possibility 
of occurence of other fountain heads in 
the area 
We can conclude thet maps of recharge and 
potential areas for groundwater occurence 
were only indicative. To indicate .places 
to! drill’ wells it’s necessary to make 
detailed mapping at these potential 
areas. 
2. METHODOLOGY 
A photointerpretation was made using 
remote sensing products and analysis 
procedures developed by Mattos and 
Veneziani 1985, and Sampaio 1986. 
Several changes in this procedures system 
were made and the main sequence used 
during the work development was as 
follows: 
a) A drainage pattern chart was made at 
the scale of 1:100.000 and after, it was