THE USE OF THE REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE IN THE
GEOGRAPHICAL. PROBLEMS OF PERU
Mario Gonzales
San Marcos National University
Lima - Perd
ABSTRACT
This paper introduces the main problems of
the use of the Remote Sensing Techniques.
evaluation of natural disasters,
througt Satellite Images, Aerial
about happenings in the peruvian regions.
KEY WORDS : Geographical problems, Remote Sensing.
1. INTRODUCT ION
Peru is situated at the central - occidental
regi on of South Ameri ca between 00?01 '48" and
18 21'3" SL and 68739'27" WL, it's extension
is 1'285,216 square kilometers of territory
and 200 mil es of maritime boundaries.
1.1. Geographic Characteristics
The geographic diversity of the peruvian territo-
ry is generally scheme into three natural
regions: Coast, Andean, and Jungle having
each of them its own particulary characteristics
which represent a challenge for development .
2. AMAZONY MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Peruvian amazony has an extension of 756,865.60
square Kilometers represent ing the 58.59%
of the total extension of Peru. It has been
divided in two different Zones considering
its altitud low jungle below 800 m. and high
jungle between 800 - 3,800 m. The climate
conditions, type of soils and water regime
bring up the Amazony into a rich saniety
of flora and fauna species. Howeven the real
richeness of the amazony comes to be in the
forest since that higt
get a rapid organic
and provide the forest
a very important rol since
between aquatics and land ecosistems allows
the forest maintance such as the case of soo
species of fish in the peruvian amazony which
get nutrients from hydric regimens, on the
nol of the fauna on the polinization, there
is no possibility of living without this interac-
temperature and humidity
matter descomposi t i on
nutrition watens play
the interdependence
tion. In true natural productivity will be
permanent in the extent that the amazony does
not change its natural state.
3. MAINS PROBLEMS OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZONY
They can be summanized this way
3.1. Deforestation
It is a general problem not only for the peruvian
but for the whole amazony there anually it
is estimated that 2 million hectareas are
destroyed being in Peru 300,000 has; one of
the factors which contribute to its devastation
are; building of communication vials, made
with the porpuse of extracting natural resources
cause forest destruction as it is appreciated
in the vial ways Perene - Satipo, Aguaytia
- Pucallpa, Moyobarba - Rioja and the valley
of Chanchamayo.
there would had been a prepared
Perphaps if
the natural
Problems such as deforestation, narcotrafic, colonization,
cartography, urban development, and fishing devel opment are analized
photographs which are destined to get the highest degree of information
799
regions of Peru which solutions are based on
a plan and financial aid at the state level
to orient people it could had been avoided
the devastation; in the same way the nature
tribes who did a hight soil and forest management
were displaced and replaced by colonus who
clean up big areas for agriculture and harvest
purposes becoming the main responsibles of
deforestation laten on the narcotrafic actions
also contributed to it. It is | calculated
that they have destroyed 800,000 hectareas
in the amazony. The ecologyc effects are:
Alteration of hydric regime and forests -
pooring of soils accelerated - Fauna extinction
- lack of natural high productivity - soils
erosion causing floods and "Huaycos".
3.2. Narcotrafic
had incremented since
from 1980 up to 1990,
production was 11,000 TM
was 50,000 TM and 1990 it has been
in 200,000 TM. Which represents
60% of the total amazony production having
Bolivia the 30% and the last 10% produced
by Ecuator and Brasil. The best quality of
coca leaves are attributed to Perü. For the
monitoring and control of coca plantations
it is of the great necessity to get precise
informetion through remote sensing methods.
The damage produced by narcotrafic reaches
besides of soils erosion the ecosistems pol lu” -
tion, since the coca leaves transformation
in PBC takes place in hiddem areas of the
amazony where the wastes are trown out nivers
affecting waters putting in algaes etc in
danger of extintion fish and with the danger
of biologic chain breaking out besides of
affecting to man. We considered that airport
localization is a priority for this problem
because of, trading is made in clandestinity
from the peruvian amazony to the other countries,
The coca plantations
1974 up to 1980 and
in 1959 peruvian
in 1980
estimated
alternative plantations is the second task
such as cacao, oil palm and rubber. Both
actions require of Remote Sensing methods
and equipment.
3.3. Colonization
From 1980 to 1985 there were national proyects
oriented to increase agropecuary, forestal
and agroindustrial production and at the same
time preserve resources and increase population
life level, pichiz palcazu, Alto Mayo, Alto
Huallaga and Madre de Dios are an exanple.
However. the had not the right planification,
and were abandoned to its own conduction,
with the results of bead use soils, polllution
and deforestation.
