S, Se, Te, heavy others as well as light 
metal and organic compounds transfered 
to thousands kilometers. The acid rains 
badly influence for the man’s health and 
to natural landscapes around the Norilsk. 
The strong disturbance of vegetation cover 
(wood, as well as moss and lichen) is 
observed in the zone of the Norilsky plant 
influence (near 150 km). In some parts it 
is destroyed (basin of Ribnaya river) and 
over this zone the moss and lichen cover 
is partially disturbed. The pollution of 
soils by the salts of heavy metals prevents 
rehabilitation of vegetation cover so the 
process of disturbance have irreversible 
character. Rare grass cover can not slow 
down the process of landscape transfor- 
mation. In this area the process of thaw 
depression formation and other 
thermokarst phenomena take place due to 
increase of frozen and thawed layers 
thickness within large areas without veg- 
etation cover was heat-insulating layer. 
The solifluction processes on the slopes, 
the processes of landslides formation on 
the cliffs became more active. The large 
quantity of silt, clay and sand substances 
is brought to the basin of Ribnaya river 
due to the destruction of shores composed 
by glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. At 
some parts of Ribnaya river basin the 
processes of wind erosion become active, 
and the hydrogeological regime of tribu- 
taries is changing. Besides Norilsk’s plants 
and Khantaiskaya hydro-electric station 
the factors caused by intensive building 
of houses and construction for transport 
as well as the caring out of different 
geological and geophysical investigations 
influence to natural environment. But 
this influence is less intensive and it may 
be regulated. For this area the middle- 
scale schemes of natural environment 
dynamics and landscape /indicational has 
been created by using the results of visual 
and interactive interpretation of remotely 
Sensed data observed in different years as 
349 
well as geological and geophysical data 
from databank. 
2. THE KOLSKY PENINSULA 
The integrated mining, metallurgical and 
other plants for processing of raw materi- 
als strongly influence to ecological situa- 
tion of the Kolsky peninsula western part. 
The deserts are formed around industrial 
centers. For example, at the Monchegorsk 
region the vegetation is destroyed at the 
area near 300 square kilometers. Approxi- 
mately 30 000 kg of sulfur is fallen to 
every square kilometer during the year in 
this region. And the quantity of Cu and Ni 
is near 6000 kg. 
At the area of city Nikel the desert is 
moved with speed 1-2 kin during the year. 
The plants of Kirovsk and Apatity throw 
out near 180 million cubic meters of wast- 
ages the main part of which gets into the 
Imandra lake - the largest lake of the 
Kolsky peninsula. 
The formation of gigantic dumps deep 
quarries, reservoirs, slag storage and other 
constructions is the result of exploitation 
of mineral deposits. The area of these 
construction is increasing and they are the 
source of dust transferred by wind to large 
distance. Other sources of air pollution are 
the erruptions of sulfur gas influenced to 
soil and vegetation. So, at the Laplandian 
preserve, which is situated to the south of 
“SeveroNikel” plant, the influence of this 
plant is spreading to the distance near 60 
km. There is increased acidity at the lakes 
of the Laplandiya. It is due to acid rains. 
At the Inary area the North Finland the 
increased concentration of heavy metals in 
the moss is observed. 
At the last two or three years the ecological 
situation of the Kolsky peninsula became 
worse due to discord of economic mecha- 
nism and decreasing of technological dis- 
cipline that leads to erruptions of polluted 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996