plication 
S briefly 
model 
TION 
disaster 
les the 
ng the 
various 
nainly a 
rs about 
id other 
ographic 
second 
layer) 
of the 
ıyer and 
ange the 
weather 
e of the 
he third 
je the 
iological 
layer) is 
data to 
ricultural 
> type of 
on layer 
sions for 
lp of a 
ls. The 
ntegrated 
roups of 
o define 
valuation 
relevant 
ous users 
his layer 
Jlications 
d remote 
^ various 
'hitecture 
to three 
ubsystem 
layers 1, 
  
  
Biological disaster 
  
  
   
    
   
  
  
  
  
disaster layer 
Fig.2 Relation between basic disaster 
evaluation sub-system and GIS 
  
Data exchange for basic disaster evaluation(c/s mode) 
  
   
application requirement, those 
programs form the final 
recommendation for the best 
disaster evaluation decision with an 
      
   
   
   
layer user’s preferences and perceptions 
Basic disaster | Weather disaster | GIS support ii hes ef evaluation 
evaluation layer environment ns i is disaster 
sub-system Ensironmentai evaluation application subsystem 
shown in Fig. 4, which provides a 
means for application processes or 
users to access ADES. It is 
composed of three classes of 
models: local application models to 
handle various services for local 
  
  
2 and 3. The subsystem is primarily intended to provide 
the "raw" evaluation service of agricultural disasters 
which is directly used by an end user and does not 
support further decisions based on raw evaluation. Two 
main components such as GIS support environment and 
Data base management system support its major 
operations. The second is advanced evaluation subsystem 
users, remote application models to 
provide various services for remote users, and models for 
testing system functions, which provide for the testing, of 
ADES components and assist in fault isolation and 
identification. 
4. GIS INTEGRATION 
The above subsystems can be regarded as collections of 
  
      
    
  
    
    
  
  
    
  
    
   
  
  
  
   
  
  
Evaluation > Evaluation 
Advanced layer models 
evaluation Decision Expert 
sub-system layer system 
Decision data simulation 
layer models 
  
  
  
Fig.3 Advanced evaluation sub-system 
Data exchange for i i evaluation(c/s mode) 
tools or methods that serve a special role 
in ADES. Thus, we can use a real world 
model based on GIS(ESRI, 1989, 1990) as 
the joining tool in ADES integration. 
However, our research shown that ESRI 
ARCVIEW 2.1(ESRI, 1994a) provides a 
very satisfactory GIS framework for the 
integration. The object-oriented model of 
ADES based on the above architecture and 
ARCVIEW 2.1 is shown in Fig. 5. The 
  
  
show in Fig. 3, which is used to perform an analysis of 
basic evaluation data from the first subsystem and to 
recommend the best basic evaluation decisions or 
strategies for disaster evaluation application subsystem. 
The decision and evaluation a models, expert 
system(Davis, 1989), and simulation 
OO design does not allow subsystems to 
communicate directly(Folse, 1990). All communication 
is governed by the real world model or ARCVIEW 2.1 
kernel. The advantage to this approach was that ADES 
would not be committed to or built around any specific 
type of subsystem, making ADES compatible with more 
  
models are used support its major 
operation. The simulation models(Law, 
1991) generate a complete data for each 
User information exchange(c/s mode) 
Local application 
  
basic evaluation decision of the expert 
system. In general, the expert system is 
capable of integrating the knowledge of 
several disciplines about ADES 
evaluation into a single knowledge base 
system to support decisions about the 
evaluation(Coulson, 1987). The properly 
  
  
Disaster 
  
Fig.4 Disaster evaluation application sub-system 
    
  
models 
Remote application 
models 
Models for testing 
system functions 
         
   
  
    
  
   
  
  
developed expert system(Edwards, 1991) is a powerful 
tool for providing managers or users of ADES with the 
day-to-day decision support need to evaluate various 
agricultural disasters and to make the relevant decisions. 
The evaluation models in the subsystem are some object- 
oriented programs(Booch, 1991) designed to analyze 
alternatives over both numeric and non-numeric 
evaluation criteria. According to various different 
675 
application environments (Henderson, 1990). In 
practical ADES implementation, the Microsoft’s 
VISUAL BASIC 4.00 and VISUAL C++ 2.00 as well as 
ESRI's AVENUE(ESRI, 1994b) were used to implement 
the object-orient implementation model in ARCVIEW 
environment. Especially, a number of scripts were 
developed by AVENUE as a tool to complete complex 
integration, which make the design and implementation 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996