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ENC PRODUCTION IN CROATIA
Tea Duplanéi¢ Leder; Mendi Cala
Hydrographic Institute of Republic of Croatia, Zrinsko Frankopanska 161, 21000 Split, Croatia
E-mail: tea.duplancic@hhi.hr; mendi.cala@hhi.hr
ABSTRACT
This article will present a technology for the production of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) in the Hydrographic Institute of the
Republic of Croatia, current conditions of producing ENC cells with dKart office and comparison with international experiences.
ENC database together with GPS and onboard sensors make up - Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) —
navigational GIS. The purpose of ENC and ECDIS is improvement of navigational safety and protection of marine environment. In
international relations HHI has a rather satisfying ENC production.
KEY WORDS: ECDIS - user oriented GI system, dKart application, experience in ENC production
1. INTRODUCTION
Marine navigation has been the most challenging exercise for
centuries. As technology has developed, the navigation
methods have been developing too. Global Positioning
System (GPS), radio navigation techniques, Electronic
Navigational Charts (ENC) and computer technology have
given rise to a new class of intelligent navigational system -
Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
(Krakiwsky, 1995).
This paper aims to present a new technology of ENC
production at the HHI and in the Republic of Croatia.
2. BASIC NOTIONS ABOUT ECDIS AND ENC
ECDIS is a navigational system defined by the International
Maritime Organization (IMO) in their ECDIS Performance
standards. The concept of Electronic Chart Display and
Information System (ECDIS) was introduced in the early
1980's in order to improve safety and efficiency of navigation
as well as to provide better protection of marine environment.
ECDIS consists of two main elements:
Y Data base, called the Electronic Navigational
Charts (ENC), containing all necessary geographic
information in a digitized form.
Y The equipment on board ship necessary for the
display of information (integrated bridge system),
including the real time positioning and route
information from navigation sensors (radar, ARPA,
autopilot, gyro, echo sounder, wind sensor etc),
with the capability of accepting updates to the ENC
data (Fig. 1).
When a type approved ECDIS uses ENC charts data
supported by an update service, the system can replace the
paper chart on board.
ENC is a digital nautical chart produced by National
Hydrographic Office which complies with the International
Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standardized product
Specifications S-57 Edition 3. The ENC contains all
necessary navigational information which have been shown
on paper nautical chart and additional information like
characteristics of an object, names, etc (Weintrint, 2001).
Figure 1. ECDIS on the ship bridge
3. ENC PRODUCTION
There are several specialised software packages for ENC
production. The best known and the most expensive among
them is CARIS. Smaller hydrographic offices usually choose
cheaper software packages, which need not be worse
solutions.
For ENC production, Hydrographic Institute of the Republic
of Croatia (HHI) has decided on the software package dKart
by HydroService AS from Norway. It has been chosen at the
suggestion and recommendation of the manager of North
Adriatic Virtual ENC (VRENC) pilot project.
3.1. Digital Chart Creation Workflow
All charts produced in a digital form have a similar
Workflow, as well as ENC (especially in the first stage when
they are made from paper charts), which have some specific
qualities since S-57 standard is used in their production.
ENC digital Chart Creation Workflow:
Y Scan the Chart:
