5. COMPARISON WITH INTERNATIONAL 
EXPERIENCES 
When comparing the HHI with other IHO member states, it 
could be concluded that the state of production at the HHI 
and keeping abreast with technological novelties are 
satisfactory. In other words, in the big IHO family Croatia is 
at a golden mean (http://www.iho.shom.hr). Several countries 
that are on top of technological novelties in the field of ENC 
production represent a backbone for creating 
recommendations and standards issued by the [HO. All other 
countries make up a wide base of institutions, which during 
exchange of the prescribed standards notice imperfections 
and suggest amendments, thus adjusting them to their 
specific situations. Out of 73 IHO member states 34 have 
ENC production. 
A great problem is the market, because just some 50 of the 
5000 ships built in accordance with SOLAS' Convention use 
ECDIS. It is still hard for technology to become available to 
its final user, though economies and profits are incalculable. 
A total cost of ECDIS equipment is irrelevant as compared 
with the cost of a ship. According to cost benefit analysis, 
investments into ECDIS bring quick returns. Entire system, 
though costing several thousand dollars, does not encumber 
the cost of a ship (especially if it is a tanker or supertanker). 
S. CONCLUSION 
The state of ENC production, as compared with the 
experiences of other countries especially the smaller ones, is 
quite satisfactory. 
A total cost of ECDIS equipment is irrelevant in the cost of a 
ship. Mariners, particularly ship owners, have not recognized 
advantages of such systems yet, and the problem is therefore 
in the lack of market for ENC. This problem arises 
worldwide, especially in smaller navigable area like the 
Adriatic. 
HHI is planning to advance the production of ENC and paper 
charts, so as to produce them from a unique, monthly updated 
database, and to improve distribution by printing on demand. 
References 
Bessero, G.; iH. Hecht, 1999. ECDIS: A. European 
Perspective, International Hydrographic Review LXXIII (1), 
pp. 15-26. 
CARIS Workshop, 2000. Digital Chart Compilation — 
Overview, Fredericton New Brunswick Heeswijk, The 
Netherlands 
  
* SOLAS is the International Convention for the Safety of 
Life at Sea which was adopted in 1974. The SOLAS 
Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as 
the most important of all international treaties concerning the 
safety of merchant ships (www.imo.org) 
86 
IMA 2001. Course on Nautical Cartography - ENC 
Production, materials from course, International Maritime 
Academy, Trieste 
IMA 2002. Course on Nautical Cartography - ENC 
Production, materials from course, International Maritime 
Academy, Trieste 
Krakiwsky, E.;J. B. Bullock.;1995. Intelligent Ship 
Navigation System, Contour No. 6, pp. 7-13. 
Weintrint, A. 2001. Electronic Chart Display and Information 
System, Proceedings GIS Polonia 2001, Warszawa, Poland, 
pp.74-85. 
http://www.iho.shom.fr 
http://www.imo.org/Conventions(Entry into force 25 May 
1980) 
DESI 
KEY Wi 
ABSTR!/ 
Rapid an 
main cha 
Due to v 
optimal r 
This pap 
Shiraz st: 
City of S 
of Iran. 
creation 
construct 
public se 
Collectio 
achieving 
urban in 
capability 
way that 
approprie 
As spatic 
among tl 
urban pl. 
spatial da 
Geograpl 
integratir 
them, wa 
Municipz 
for city o 
selected t 
It was de 
first phas 
GIS to 
municipa 
Sewage ( 
of the pr 
GISs for 
municipa 
At the pr 
out. Diffe